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KLRF1  -  killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily...

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: Activating coreceptor NKp80, C-type lectin domain family 5 member C, CLEC5C, Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily F member 1, Lectin-like receptor F1, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of KLRF1

  • We have measured the ability of three TATA box promoters, adenovirus 2 major late (Ad 2 ML), Ad 2 ML with a point mutation in the TATA box, and mouse beta-globin, to support abortive and productive RNA synthesis in vitro [1].
  • Phenotypically, the effect of THOV ML resembles that of the NS1 protein of influenza A virus (FLUAV) in that it blocks the expression of IFN genes [2].
  • Thogoto virus ML protein suppresses IRF3 function [2].
  • Mucolipidosis II (ML II) and Mucolipidosis type III (ML III) are autosomal recessive disorders of lysosomal hydrolases trafficking due to the deficiency of the multimeric enzyme, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase [3].
  • All three MLs inhibited melanoma cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner starting at very low ML concentrations (0.001-100 ng/ml) with ML-I being the most cytotoxic lectin (significant inhibition of ultra-sensitive cell line MV3 at 1 x 10(-13) ng ML-I/ml) [4].
 

High impact information on KLRF1

  • We conclude that CD8+ cells with 'memory' phenotype (CD62Llo) are more sensitive to the ML III-mediated killing than their CD8+ CD62Lhi counterparts, CD4+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells [5].
  • In this study, by using the expressed sequence tag database we identified a novel receptor gene, designated as killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily F, member 1 (KLRF1), encoding a putative type II transmembrane glycoprotein [6].
  • KLRF1 was expressed at the mRNA level in peripheral blood leukocytes, activated NK cells, monocytes and NK and myeloid cell lines [6].
  • Human KLRF1, a novel member of the killer cell lectin-like receptor gene family: molecular characterization, genomic structure, physical mapping to the NK gene complex and expression analysis [6].
  • The presence of two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory-like motifs within the cytoplasmic tail of KLRF1 suggests an inhibitory role in NK cell and monocyte activity [6].
 

Biological context of KLRF1

  • The KLRF1 gene has been localized on the high-resolution physical map of chromosome 12p [6].
  • In human neutrophils, the chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenalalanine (fMLP), the Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor, thapsigargin, and the lectins, concanavalin A (Con A) and mistletoe lectin I (ML I), stimulate the entry of Ca2+ and Na+ with subsequent activation of exocytosis and superoxide anion (O2-) formation [7].
  • Surprisingly, however, ML did not interfere with the nuclear transport of IRF3 [2].
  • Further biochemical analysis revealed that ML acts by blocking IRF3 dimerization and association with CBP [2].
  • Mistletoe lectin I (ML I) from Viscum album inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis (programmed cell death) in several cell types [8].
 

Anatomical context of KLRF1

  • RESULTS: In ML I-treated lymphocytes, Apo2.7 expression and caspase-3 activation was recognized within 24 h [9].
  • Here we show by flow cytometric measurements that human T-lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells express surface glycoprotein receptors for ML I [10].
  • Mistletoe lectin I (ML I), a heterodimeric disulfide-linked type II ribosome inactivating protein, exhibits immunomodulatory potency in stimulating the cytokine release in vitro and in vivo [10].
  • CONCLUSIONS: From these data it is suggested that (1) a non-VT non-ML component of the VAL extracts activated granulocytes and (2) different activation pathways may be involved in the stimulation by the whole plant extract and the VT [11].
  • CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that B lymphocyte depletion is not involved in the modulation of humoral immunity by ML [12].
 

Associations of KLRF1 with chemical compounds

  • Con A and ML I per se activated O2- formation only in the presence and not in the absence of dhCB [7].
  • The actin disrupters also inhibited fMLP- and ML I-induced Sr2+ influx, whereas Con A-stimulated Sr2+ entry was not influenced by dhCB and C2 toxin [7].
  • An interaction between the arabinogalactan and the galactose-specific lectin (ML I) in Viscum could be demonstrated [13].
  • The ML IB stimulated expression of the reporter luciferase (Luc) is completely inhibited by cyclosporin A (0.2 microM) and by FK 506 at 0.05 microM [10].
  • Benzyl-alpha-GalNAc, an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation, has slightly decreasing effects in ML IB-FITC binding and was without effects on the lectin stimulated increase in [Ca(2+)](i) [10].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of KLRF1

  • Molecular cloning of the cDNA coding for NKp80 revealed a type II transmembrane molecule of 231 amino acids identical to the putative protein encoded by a recently identified cDNA termed KLRF1 [14].
  • It prevents induction of alpha/beta interferons (IFN) in cell culture and in vivo via the action of the viral ML protein [2].
  • METHODS: We incubated human lymphocytes with the apoptosis-inducing mistletoe lectin (ML) I and the cell membrane-permeabilizing viscotoxins (VT), and measured cell death-associated changes by flow cytometry [9].
  • Epitope mapping using 15-mer overlapping peptides spanning the ML 10 000 MW revealed an immunodominant IgG1 binding peptide (aa41-55) in patients as well as healthy controls [15].
  • Due to these properties, mistletoe extracts or pure ML I showed antitumoral activities in different animal models [16].

References

  1. RNA polymerase II promoter strength in vitro may be reduced by defects at initiation or promoter clearance. Jacob, G.A., Kitzmiller, J.A., Luse, D.S. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) [Pubmed]
  2. Thogoto virus ML protein suppresses IRF3 function. Jennings, S., Martínez-Sobrido, L., García-Sastre, A., Weber, F., Kochs, G. Virology (2005) [Pubmed]
  3. When Mucolipidosis III meets Mucolipidosis II: GNPTA gene mutations in 24 patients. Bargal, R., Zeigler, M., Abu-Libdeh, B., Zuri, V., Mandel, H., Ben Neriah, Z., Stewart, F., Elcioglu, N., Hindi, T., Le Merrer, M., Bach, G., Raas-Rothschild, A. Mol. Genet. Metab. (2006) [Pubmed]
  4. Influence of mistletoe lectins and cytokines induced by them on cell proliferation of human melanoma cells in vitro. Thies, A., Nugel, D., Pfüller, U., Moll, I., Schumacher, U. Toxicology (2005) [Pubmed]
  5. Selective killing of CD8+ cells with a 'memory' phenotype (CD62Llo) by the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectin from Viscum album L. Büssing, A., Stein, G.M., Pfüller, U. Cell Death Differ. (1998) [Pubmed]
  6. Human KLRF1, a novel member of the killer cell lectin-like receptor gene family: molecular characterization, genomic structure, physical mapping to the NK gene complex and expression analysis. Roda-Navarro, P., Arce, I., Renedo, M., Montgomery, K., Kucherlapati, R., Fernández-Ruiz, E. Eur. J. Immunol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  7. Complex regulation of human neutrophil activation by actin filaments: dihydrocytochalasin B and botulinum C2 toxin uncover the existence of multiple cation entry pathways. Wenzel-Seifert, K., Lentzen, H., Aktories, K., Seifert, R. J. Leukoc. Biol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  8. In U-937 promonocytes, misteltoe lectin I increases basal [Ca2+]i, enhances histamine H1- and complement C5a-receptor-mediated rises in [Ca2+]i, and induces cell death. Wenzel-Seifert, K., Lentzen, H., Seifert, R. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  9. Expression of mitochondrial Apo2.7 molecules and caspase-3 activation in human lymphocytes treated with the ribosome-inhibiting mistletoe lectins and the cell membrane permeabilizing viscotoxins. Büssing, A., Vervecken, W., Wagner, M., Wagner, B., Pfüller, U., Schietzel, M. Cytometry. (1999) [Pubmed]
  10. The B-chain of mistletoe lectin I efficiently stimulates calcium signaling in human Jurkat T-cells. Walzel, H., Blach, M., Neels, P., Schulz, U., Wollenhaupt, K., Brock, J. Immunol. Lett. (2001) [Pubmed]
  11. Viscotoxin-free aqueous extracts from European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) stimulate activity of human granulocytes. Stein, G.M., Pfüller, U., Schietzel, M. Anticancer Res. (1999) [Pubmed]
  12. Variable sensitivity of lymphoblastoid cells to apoptosis induced by Viscum album Qu FrF, a therapeutic preparation of mistletoe lectin. Duong Van Huyen, J.P., Sooryanarayana, n.u.l.l., Delignat, S., Bloch, M.F., Kazatchkine, M.D., Kaveri, S.V. Chemotherapy. (2001) [Pubmed]
  13. Structure and properties of polysaccharides from Viscum album (L.). Jordan, E., Wagner, H. Oncology (1986) [Pubmed]
  14. Identification of NKp80, a novel triggering molecule expressed by human NK cells. Vitale, M., Falco, M., Castriconi, R., Parolini, S., Zambello, R., Semenzato, G., Biassoni, R., Bottino, C., Moretta, L., Moretta, A. Eur. J. Immunol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  15. Dominant recognition of a cross-reactive B-cell epitope in Mycobacterium leprae 10 K antigen by immunoglobulin G1 antibodies across the disease spectrum in leprosy. Hussain, R., Dockrell, H.M., Chiang, T.J. Immunology (1999) [Pubmed]
  16. Mistletoe extracts standardized to mistletoe lectins in oncology: review on current status of preclinical research. Mengs, U., Göthel, D., Leng-Peschlow, E. Anticancer Res. (2002) [Pubmed]
 
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