Disease relevance of CCR1

• These expressions were compared to those of IFN-gamma as an indicator of the development of the immune response and to another receptor for RANTES, CCR1, which is not described as a coreceptor for SIV/HIV-1 entry [1].
• Clinical isolates of primate immunodeficiency viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), enter target cells by sequential binding to CD4 and the chemokine receptor CCR5, a member of the seven-transmembrane receptor family [2].
• Immunogenicity of the extracellular domains of C-C chemokine receptor 5 and the in vitro effects on simian immunodeficiency virus or HIV infectivity [3].
• The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) US28 gene encodes a functional CC chemokine receptor [4].
• Morphine promotes simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus replication in monkey peripheral mononuclear cells: induction of CC chemokine receptor 5 expression for virus entry [5].

High impact information on CCR1

• The envelope glycoproteins of recombinant SHIVs that efficiently caused loss of CD4(+) T lymphocytes exhibited increased chemokine receptor binding and membrane-fusing capacity compared with those of less pathogenic viruses [6].
• The beta-chemokine receptor C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) provides a mechanism for the selective recruitment of eosinophils into tissue and thus has recently become an attractive biological target for therapeutic intervention [7].
• The C-C chemokine receptor CCR5 serves an important function in chemotaxis of lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells [3].
• In addition, although intestinal lymphocytes are susceptible to infection with either X4-HIV particles or particles that use the chemokine receptor CCR5 for viral entry (R5-HIV) during ex vivo culture [5], only systemic inoculation of R5-chimeric simian-HIV (S-HIV) results in a rapid loss of CD4(+) intestinal lymphocytes in macaques [6] [8].
• Chemokine receptor expression and signaling in macaque and human fetal neurons and astrocytes: implications for the neuropathogenesis of AIDS [9].

Biological context of CCR1

• Furthermore, aminoxypentane-RANTES abolishes virus replication, suggesting that these SIV strains utilize the chemokine receptor CCR5 for entry into astrocytes [10].

Anatomical context of CCR1

• Similar to primary HIV-1 isolates, a well-characterized molecular clone, SIVmac239, which replicates poorly but efficiently enters into rhesus alveolar macrophages and an envelope variant, SIVmac239/316Env, with an approximately 1,000-fold-higher replicative capacity in macrophages used the beta-chemokine receptor CCR5 for efficient entry [11].
• Expression of chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands correlated with recirculation of T lymphocytes through the periphery and homing to paracortical regions of lymph node, where cells remained largely excluded from B-cell follicles [12].
• We previously demonstrated that macaque trophoblasts express the chemokine receptor CCR5 and that this receptor mediates trophoblast migration toward RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted) [13].

Associations of CCR1 with chemical compounds

• Previous studies established an association between the red cell chemokine receptor and Fy6 of the Duffy glycoprotein [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CCR1

• To examine the pathogenesis of this exanthem, biopsies obtained throughout the course of clinically evident rash were examined for the presence of virus by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, and the cellular infiltrate was characterized with respect to cellular immunophenotype and chemokine receptor expression [15].
• Molecular cloning and radioligand binding characterization of the chemokine receptor CCR5 from rhesus macaque and human [16].

References