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Gene Review

Il21r  -  interleukin 21 receptor

Mus musculus

Synonyms: IL-21 receptor, IL-21R, Interleukin-21 receptor, LR-beta, Lymphocyte receptor beta, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of Il21r

  • We showed that granulomatous inflammation and liver fibrosis were significantly reduced in S. mansoni-infected IL-21R-/- mice and in IL-21R+/+ mice treated with soluble IL-21R-Fc (sIL-21R-Fc) [1].
  • In this report, we show that gamma c is also a required signaling component of the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) using the gamma c-deficient X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) lymphoblastoid cell line JT, and JT cells reconstituted with gamma c (JT/gamma c) [2].
  • Mice lacking both IL-4 and IL-21R exhibited a significantly more pronounced phenotype, with dysgammaglobulinemia, characterized primarily by a severely impaired IgG response [3].
  • Expression of interleukin-21 receptor in epidermis from patients with systemic sclerosis [4].
  • The bovine leukemia inhibitory factor (bLIF) and LIF-receptor-beta (LR-beta) genes were expressed by in vitro-produced embryos, but not in their in vivo counterparts [5].
 

High impact information on Il21r

  • Mice lacking IL-21R (IL-21R(-/-)) had normal NK cell development but no detectable responses to IL-21 [6].
  • Correspondingly, the expansion and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells were impaired in IL-21R-/- mice [7].
  • As such, these data identify the IL-21R as an important amplifier of alternative macrophage activation [1].
  • NILR protein was detected on human T cell lymphotropic virus type I-transformed T cell lines, Raji B cells, and YT natural killer-like cells [8].
  • NILR mRNA is most highly expressed in thymus and spleen, and is induced by phytohemagglutinin in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells [8].
 

Biological context of Il21r

 

Anatomical context of Il21r

 

Associations of Il21r with chemical compounds

  • In addition, the specific JAK3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor WHI-P131 significantly reduced IL-21-induced proliferation of BaF3/IL-21R alpha cells [2].
 

Other interactions of Il21r

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Il21r

  • By PCR, we demonstrate here constitutive expression of the specific IL-21 receptor and the common gamma-chain in DC, which together are able to mediate IL-21 signaling [14].
  • In the SCID mouse transplantation model, the overexpression of IL-21R mRNA in SSc keratinocytes remained unchanged after transplantation [4].
  • The expression of IL-21R at the protein level was confirmed by Western blotting [15].
  • Its private receptor, IL-21R, has been shown to activate the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway upon ligand binding [16].

References

  1. The IL-21 receptor augments Th2 effector function and alternative macrophage activation. Pesce, J., Kaviratne, M., Ramalingam, T.R., Thompson, R.W., Urban, J.F., Cheever, A.W., Young, D.A., Collins, M., Grusby, M.J., Wynn, T.A. J. Clin. Invest. (2006) [Pubmed]
  2. The common gamma chain (gamma c) is a required signaling component of the IL-21 receptor and supports IL-21-induced cell proliferation via JAK3. Habib, T., Senadheera, S., Weinberg, K., Kaushansky, K. Biochemistry (2002) [Pubmed]
  3. A critical role for IL-21 in regulating immunoglobulin production. Ozaki, K., Spolski, R., Feng, C.G., Qi, C.F., Cheng, J., Sher, A., Morse, H.C., Liu, C., Schwartzberg, P.L., Leonard, W.J. Science (2002) [Pubmed]
  4. Expression of interleukin-21 receptor in epidermis from patients with systemic sclerosis. Distler, J.H., Jüngel, A., Kowal-Bielecka, O., Michel, B.A., Gay, R.E., Sprott, H., Matucci-Cerinic, M., Chilla, M., Reich, K., Kalden, J.R., Müller-Ladner, U., Lorenz, H.M., Gay, S., Distler, O. Arthritis Rheum. (2005) [Pubmed]
  5. Alterations of expression of developmentally important genes in preimplantation bovine embryos by in vitro culture conditions: implications for subsequent development. Niemann, H., Wrenzycki, C. Theriogenology (2000) [Pubmed]
  6. IL-21 limits NK cell responses and promotes antigen-specific T cell activation: a mediator of the transition from innate to adaptive immunity. Kasaian, M.T., Whitters, M.J., Carter, L.L., Lowe, L.D., Jussif, J.M., Deng, B., Johnson, K.A., Witek, J.S., Senices, M., Konz, R.F., Wurster, A.L., Donaldson, D.D., Collins, M., Young, D.A., Grusby, M.J. Immunity (2002) [Pubmed]
  7. Synergy of IL-21 and IL-15 in regulating CD8+ T cell expansion and function. Zeng, R., Spolski, R., Finkelstein, S.E., Oh, S., Kovanen, P.E., Hinrichs, C.S., Pise-Masison, C.A., Radonovich, M.F., Brady, J.N., Restifo, N.P., Berzofsky, J.A., Leonard, W.J. J. Exp. Med. (2005) [Pubmed]
  8. Cloning of a type I cytokine receptor most related to the IL-2 receptor beta chain. Ozaki, K., Kikly, K., Michalovich, D., Young, P.R., Leonard, W.J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2000) [Pubmed]
  9. IL-21 induces the apoptosis of resting and activated primary B cells. Mehta, D.S., Wurster, A.L., Whitters, M.J., Young, D.A., Collins, M., Grusby, M.J. J. Immunol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  10. Redundant and unique regulation of activated mouse B lymphocytes by IL-4 and IL-21. Jin, H., Malek, T.R. J. Leukoc. Biol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  11. mRNA expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and its receptor subunits glycoprotein 130 and LIF-receptor-beta in bovine embryos derived in vitro or in vivo. Eckert, J., Niemann, H. Mol. Hum. Reprod. (1998) [Pubmed]
  12. Distinct activation signals determine whether IL-21 induces B cell costimulation, growth arrest, or Bim-dependent apoptosis. Jin, H., Carrio, R., Yu, A., Malek, T.R. J. Immunol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  13. Interleukin-21 and the IL-21 receptor: novel effectors of NK and T cell responses. Parrish-Novak, J., Foster, D.C., Holly, R.D., Clegg, C.H. J. Leukoc. Biol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  14. Interleukin-21 inhibits dendritic cell-mediated T cell activation and induction of contact hypersensitivity in vivo. Brandt, K., Bulfone-Paus, S., Jenckel, A., Foster, D.C., Paus, R., Rückert, R. J. Invest. Dermatol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  15. Expression of interleukin-21 receptor, but not interleukin-21, in synovial fibroblasts and synovial macrophages of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Jüngel, A., Distler, J.H., Kurowska-Stolarska, M., Seemayer, C.A., Seibl, R., Forster, A., Michel, B.A., Gay, R.E., Emmrich, F., Gay, S., Distler, O. Arthritis Rheum. (2004) [Pubmed]
  16. Biology of IL-21 and the IL-21 receptor. Mehta, D.S., Wurster, A.L., Grusby, M.J. Immunol. Rev. (2004) [Pubmed]
 
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