Disease relevance of ST3

• There was a positive and significant correlation between CCT and ST1 (r=0.27, P=0.001) but not between CCT and ST2 (r=0.02, P=0.8), ST3 (r=0.06, P=0.5), refractive error (r=0.08, P=0.3), or axial length (r=0.07, P=0.4) [1].
• ST3 expression appeared to be specifically associated with mammary stroma fibroblasts derived from post-radiation fibrosis lesions [2].
• The complete nucleotide sequence of the fourth gene of symptomatic (Wa, DS-1, P, and VA70) and asymptomatic (M37, 1076, McN13, and ST3) rotaviruses of serotype 1, 2, 3, or 4 was determined by the dideoxy chain termination method [3].
• We conclude that in esophageal cancer, ST3 might help to assess survival and the risk of recurrence after surgical resection [4].
• Stromelysin 3 (ST3) is a matrix metalloprotease (MMP) expressed in fibroblast-like cells of most human invasive carcinomas [5].

High impact information on ST3

• Earlier studies suggest that ST3 is a direct T3 response gene, although a thyroid hormone response element (TRE) was not found in the initial analysis of the ST3 promoter [6].
• The Xenopus laevis ST3 is highly up-regulated by thyroid hormone (T3) during amphibian metamorphosis, and its expression is spatially and temporally correlated with apoptosis in different tissues [6].
• Here, we have identified a strong TRE consisting of two nearly perfect direct repeats of the consensus nuclear hormone receptor binding element AGGTCA separated by 4 bp in the first intron of the Xenopus ST3 gene [6].
• These results indicate that hST-3 may regulate IGF-I bioavailability by proteolyzing IGFBP, thus favoring cell survival and proliferation [7].
• The ST3, BM-40/SPARC, and MET genes were found to be overexpressed in tumor samples compared to control mucosa [4].

Chemical compound and disease context of ST3

• The expression level of stromelysin-3 (ST3) mRNA was analyzed by in situ hybridization of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary breast-tumor samples from 76 patients [8].

Biological context of ST3

• The sequences reported here comprise 1463 and 1440 base pairs, respectively; for comparison, the ST3 S1 genome segment is 1416 nucleotides long [9].
• Hemoglobin and mean cell hemoglobin concentration were lower and mean cell volume was higher in the swimmers at ST3 and ST4 [10].
• The putative response element in the ST3 promoter, which lies between 0.46 and 3.4 kb upstream of the transcription start site, is able to effect a 2- to 3-fold increase in downstream gene expression [11].
• ST3 has been implicated in the progression of epithelial malignancies, specifically with regard to an invasive (and therefore potentially metastasizing) phenotype [12].
• ST3 mRNA levels did not correlate with tumor size, microvessel density, DNA ploidy or estrogen-receptor levels [8].

Anatomical context of ST3

• Under similar coculture conditions and using the same cancer cell line stimulation, ST3 expression was, however, quite variable among these 9 cases, reflecting the difference of protease expression observed on the sections of the original tumors [13].
• The results showed that ST3 expression by stromal cells was cancer-specific [13].
• Normal breast tissues did not express ST3, and ST3 expression was detected in only 1 of 20 normal axillary lymph nodes [12].
• ST3 was also expressed in cells cultured from precancerous and cancerous lesions that had undergone epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition [14].
• ST3 expression in oral hyperplastic and dysplastic lesions suggests its association with progression of phenotypic alterations acquired early during the malignant transformation pathway of oral epithelium and implicates it not only in angiogenesis and invasion but also in tumorigenesis [14].

Associations of ST3 with chemical compounds

• Digoxigenin (DIG)-labelled cDNA probes derived from the VP4 gene of the standard strains RV5 (P4), ST3 (P6) and RV4 (P8) were used to discriminate between the different alleles [15].
• CD64- monocytes showed lower activity in the phagocytosis of unopsonized particles and also lower zymosan- or latex-induced chemiluminescence than CD64+ monocytes [16].
• CD64- monocytes pretreated with PPD (purified protein derivative of tuberculin) induced up to tentimes more interferon-gamma and also higher proliferation in responding autologous T cells than PPD-pretreated CD64+ monocytes [16].

Other interactions of ST3

• Of these samples, 70, 62, and 85% showed inhibitory activity against serotype (ST) 1 human RV, ST4 human RV, and ST3 simian RV, respectively; the median titers were 10, 10, and 20, respectively [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ST3

• In contrast, ST3 expression, identified by immunohistochemistry in fibroblastic cells surrounding neoplastic islets, correlated with tumor size and periesophageal tissue invasion [4].
• Of the 36 patients studied, those with high ST3 levels had shorter disease-free survival than those with low levels, but there was no relationship between the cpTNE and disease recurrence or survival [4].
• Digital image analysis of the dark-field in situ hybridization signal was used to measure the maximal level of ST3 expression in each tumor [8].
• Confirmation that this ST3 promoter activation results in ST3 gene induction of a similar magnitude was shown using Northern blotting of stimulated fibroblasts [11].
• However, after direct coculture with cancer cells, expression of ST3 transcripts reappeared in 8 of the 9 cases and was observed only in fibroblasts located in close contact with tumor cells [13].

References