Disease relevance of SOX13

• Autoantibodies to the transcriptional factor SOX13 in primary biliary cirrhosis compared with other diseases [1].
• Recently, a study of antibodies to SOX13 was conducted in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) indicating that these antibodies potentially identified patients without antibodies to the major T1DM-associated autoantigens, insulin, GAD, or IA-2 [2].
• Similar frequencies of SOX-13 antibodies were found in 84 patients with rheumatic diseases (4.0-11.4%) and 211 healthy control subjects (5.2 %) [3].
• METHODS: Full-length SOX-13 was cloned from human brain mRNA, expressed by vitro transcription/ translation and used to detect autoantibodies by immunoprecipitation and radioligand assay in patients suffering from autoimmune diabetes or non-organ-specific autoimmune diseases [3].
• The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of ICA12 antibodies in diabetes mellitus patients and controls from Latvia and to see whether this antigen is important in revealing autoimmunity when antibodies against major antigens are not present [4].

High impact information on SOX13

• Immunohistochemistry on sections of human pancreas identified SOX13 in the islets of Langerhans, where staining was mostly cytoplasmic [5].
• Sex-determining region Y-related protein SOX13 is a diabetes autoantigen expressed in pancreatic islets [5].
• These observations-along with the known molecular interactions of the closely related protein, rainbow trout Sox23-suggest that SOX13 may be activated for nuclear import and DNA binding through heterodimer formation [5].
• Sequence analysis showed that SOX13 belongs to the class D subgroup of SOX transcription factors, which contain a leucine zipper motif and a region rich in glutamine [5].
• Recombinant SOX13 protein bound to the SOX consensus DNA motif AACAAT, and binding was inhibited by homodimer formation [5].

Biological context of SOX13

• FISH analysis mapped the human SOX13 gene to chromosome 1 band q32 [6].
• Anti-SOX13 in PBC may occur merely as an immune response to products of damage to parenchymal tissue, or may be illustrative of a general proclivity of transcriptional regulatory proteins to elicit autoimmune responses [1].
• SOX13 is expressed in the three embryonic cell lineages, suggesting that it may direct various developmental processes [7].
• Analysis of the SOX13 gene identified a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms and a polymorphic CA dinucleotide repeat [8].
• SOX13 Exhibits a Distinct Spatial and Temporal Expression Pattern During Chondrogenesis, Neurogenesis, and Limb Development [7].

Anatomical context of SOX13

• SOX13 is expressed in the developing central nervous system including the neural tube and the developing brain [7].
• SOX13 is also detected in the developing kidney, pancreas, and liver as well as in the visceral mesoderm of the extra-embryonic yolk sac and spongiotrophoblast layer of the placenta [7].
• Antibodies were measured by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) using (35) S labelled SOX13 expressed in rabbit reticulocyte lysate [9].
• Regulation of gammadelta versus alphabeta T lymphocyte differentiation by the transcription factor SOX13 [10].
• Low level expression was observed in the inner ear of 13.5 dpc mice and in a limited number of cells in the thymus of 16.5 dpc mice, from which Sox-13 was originally cloned [11].

Associations of SOX13 with chemical compounds

• Islet cell antibodies (ICA) were analyzed with immunofluorescence, while glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA-2A), and antibodies against the transcription factor SOX13 (SOX13Ab) were analyzed with radioimmunoprecipitating assays [12].

Other interactions of SOX13

• Anti-SOX13 usually occurred with anti-GAD but rarely with anti-ICA512 [9].
• Antibodies (Abs) to tyrosine pyrophosphatase (IA2-Abs), glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65-Abs), and other minor markers like ICA12 Abs and tissue transglutaminase Abs (TTG-Abs) were studied [13].
• Of the MMDM patients 30% were positive for either GAD65 or IA-2 antibodies, and 14% were positive for ICA12 antibodies [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SOX13

• By fluorescence in situ hybridisation, radiation hybrid mapping and YAC analysis we determined that the human SOX13 gene maps to Chromosome 1q31.3-32.1 near the marker D1S504, a region associated with type-1 diabetes susceptibility and familial dilated cardiomyopathy [14].
• We measured the occurrence and levels of anti-SOX13 by radioimmunoprecipitation in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and other diseases, and compared frequencies with anti-HMG measured by ELISA [1].
• Autoantibodies to ICA512/IA2 and SOX13 were tested by radioimmunoprecipitation assay, and results were amalgamated with previous data on antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and to islet cell cytoplasmic antigens (ICA) [15].
• Islet cell antibody 12 (ICA12) was tested by Western blotting [16].

References