Disease relevance of Nasal Bone

• Vitamin A and its analogs have been reported to cause hyperostosis of the vertebrae and long bones, but no known reports link them to nasal bone changes [1].
• Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome (MIM 122880) is inherited as an autosomal dominant mutation characterized by the absence or hypoplasia of the nasal bones, profound sensorineural deafness, a small and short nose with slitlike nares, hypertelorism, short palpebral fissures, and limited movement at the wrist and ulnar deviations of the fingers [2].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine the benefit of including nasal bone assessment in addition to standard first-trimester markers (nuchal translucency, free beta human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A) as a screening test for Down syndrome, using a strict criterion for classification of nasal bone absence [3].
• Is osteoid osteoma an iodophilic lesion?: pathologically proved osteoid osteoma of nasal bone first seen on whole-body iodine-131 scan [4].

High impact information on Nasal Bone

• Clinically significant nasal bone osteophytosis may be another adverse reaction to oral isotretinoin therapy [1].
• The methods tested are those described by: 1) Gerasimov ([1971] The Face Finder; London: Hutchinson & Co.), using the distal third of the nasal bones and the nasal spine; 2) Krogman ([1962] The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine; Springfield: Charles C [5].
• To study the metabolism of the small proteoglycans decorin and biglycan under mineralizing conditions, osteoblasts from human nasal bone were cultured for several weeks in the presence or absence of beta-glycerophosphate and ascorbate [6].
• OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the second-trimester fetal biparietal diameter/nasal bone length (BPD/NBL) ratio and trisomy 21 [7].
• CONCLUSIONS: There is no relationship between an absent fetal nasal bone and the levels of maternal serum PAPP-A or free beta-hCG in cases with trisomies 13, 18 or 21 [8].

Biological context of Nasal Bone

• There were no significant differences in median maternal age, median gestational age, NT delta, free beta-hCG MoM and PAPP-A MoM in trisomy 21 fetuses with and without a visible nasal bone [9].

Anatomical context of Nasal Bone

• Following maternal treatment with 0.4 mg/kg DON on the 11th gestational day, 23.1% of fetuses recovered at the 18th day exhibited median facial clefts, which were characterized by a separation in the midline of normal midfacial components, i.e., the premaxilla, nasal bones, and nasal capsule [10].
• Nasal snorting of cocaine crystals causes destruction of the septal and nasal mucosa, which eventually provides exposure of the septal cartilage and nasal bones [11].
• The homozygous Hyp mouse was not affected more severely than the heterozygous Hyp except in overall cranial length, nasal bone length, and mandibular length from mandibular foramen to third molar [12].
• Coronal re-formations were performed in a plane perpendicular to the hard palate at the most anterior aspect of the nasal bones at the nasal dorsum [13].
• Alizarin red S-stained and cleared skeletal preparations of these embryos revealed hypoplasia of the premaxilla, maxilla, nasal bone, zygoma, and mandible of the facial skeleton [14].

Associations of Nasal Bone with chemical compounds

• However, the sinking of the hydroxyapatite graft in the nasal bone was significant at 3 weeks postoperatively and gradually increased thereafter [15].
• RESULTS: In the transverse and coronal sections, a satisfactory image demonstrating presence of the nasal bone was achieved in only three and one, respectively, of the 20 volumes that we obtained [16].
• The warfarin-treated rats developed a marked maxillonasal hypoplasia associated with a 11-13% reduction in the length of the nasal bones compared with controls [17].
• From these radiographs, separate tracings were made on matte acetate paper of the left and right nasal bone regions including the radiopaque implants [18].
• The grafts were then rigidly fixed, one to each nasal bone, using titanium lag screws [19].

Gene context of Nasal Bone

• In the op/op mouse, the nasal bone and the premaxillary bone show remarkable deformity [20].
• In contrast, only 5/20 cases where the 2D start section was at 25-90 degrees from the midline provided a satisfactory image demonstrating the nasal bone [16].
• The biparietal diameter: nasal bone length ratio (BPD/NBL) was also calculated [21].
• In the chromosomally abnormal group the nasal bone was absent in 161/242 (66.9%) with trisomy 21, in 48/84 (57.1%) with trisomy 18, in 7/22 (31.8%) with trisomy 13, in 3/34 (8.8%) with Turner syndrome and in 4/48 (8.3%) with other defects [22].
• CONCLUSIONS: Nasal bone length was significantly shorter in subjects with CL compared with subjects in whom the palate was clefted [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nasal Bone

• To determine the effects of local bone turnover on the migration of macroporous hydroxyapatite onlays in the nasal bone and mandibular ramus, we performed histomorphometric analyses of the underlying bone area in 41 New Zealand White rabbits from the age of 4 weeks [15].
• The forms of the nasal bone and the premaxillary bone were observed using roentgenography in both toothless op/op and normal (control) mice [20].

References