High impact information on Galago

• Unlike the theta 1-globin genes of the rabbit and galago, the structure of these genes in the orangutan and baboon and their flanking regions show no apparent defects that would prevent their expression [1].
• In orang-utan, but not in rabbit or galago, the theta 1-gene appears to be structurally intact, suggesting that it may be functional in this species [2].
• Here, we demonstrate that the Galago monomer and type II SINE families are 68 and 62% homologous, respectively, with a human methionine tRNA gene [3].
• The human gamma-globin gene and its orthologous galago gamma-globin gene evolved from an ancestral epsilon-globin gene [4].
• In that experiment, human and galago gamma genes were linked to hypersensitive site 3 (HS3) of the locus control region [5].

Biological context of Galago

• In some other species, galago and rabbit for example, the theta 1 and psi alpha genes have accumulated enough inactivating mutations for them to be considered genuine pseudogenes [6].
• Moreover, in vitro transcription of galago SINEs suggests that the Monomer and Type II families have appreciably stronger RNA polymerase III promoters than does the Alu family [7].
• The nucleotide sequence of the beta globin gene cluster of the prosimian Galago crassicaudatus has been determined [8].
• The analysis also confirmed that galago beta had replaced galago delta, that an earlier loriform-specific gene conversion extended over intron 2, and that gene conversion throughout the main gene conversion region occurred in the tarsiiform lineage [9].
• Major findings are as follows: (1) The architectonic analysis suggests that in addition to the commonly recognized visual fields, area 17 (V-I), area 18 (V-II), and MT, all three New World monkeys and prosimian galagos have visual areas DL, DI, DM, MST, and FST [10].

Anatomical context of Galago

• The morphology of neurons in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the lesser bushbaby (Galago senegalensis) is described in coronal brain sections processed by Golgi- and Nissl-staining techniques [11].
• The low level of ACHE in lamina 3 of the tree shrew's dLGN corresponds to the less activity of ACHE in the laminae 4 and 5 of Galago senegalensis (Fitzpatrick and Diamond, 1979), which like lamina 3 in Tupaia's dLGN project to layer I of the visual cortex (Carey et al., 1979) [12].
• Effects of testosterone on the sternal cutaneous glands and genitalia of the male greater galago (Galago crassicaudatus crassicaudatus) [13].
• The profiles of fiber types in hindlimb muscles from the tree shrew (Tupaia glis), lesser bushbaby (Galago senegalensis), and the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) were determined using histochemical techniques [14].

Associations of Galago with chemical compounds

• The involucrin gene of the galago, a prosimian, has been cloned and sequenced [15].
• MHC class II genes of the DRB family were partially sequenced from 10 individuals representing six species of prosimians: Galago senegalensis, G. moholi, Otolemur garnetti, Loris tardigradus, Petterus (Lemur) fulvus, and Lemur catta [16].
• In Galago moholi, the CpG dinucleotides are conspicuously conserved, while in Eulemur coronatus a large proportion is changed, indicating that the G.moholi Alu is under purifying selection and might be transcribed [17].
• The Galago type 2 family, which was reported to be derived from a methionine initiator tRNA, was also found to be similar to the lysine tRNA [18].
• The five residues of the galago M/LWS pigment are Ala, His, Tyr, Ala, and Ala, respectively, and its peak absorption spectra (lambda(max)) was measured to be 539 nm, which is virtually identical to the expected value from the rule (538 nm), showing that the five-sites rule holds for this prosimian [19].

Gene context of Galago

• Comparison of the HS5 sequences of mouse, human, and galago revealed two extensively conserved regions, designated HS5A and HS5B [20].
• Employing comparative analysis of the cDNA-coding sequences of the unique preprorelaxin of the Afro-lorisiform Galago crassicaudatus and the Malagasy lemur Varecia variegata and the relaxin-like factor (RLF) of G. crassicaudatus, we demonstrated distinct differences in the dynamics of molecular remodeling of both hormones during primate evolution [21].
• We present phylogenetic evidence from ORF1 sequences of slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) and galago (Galago crassicaudatus) that there were at least two distinct progenitors, active at the same time, in the ancestor of this family of prosimian primates [22].
• Galago beta 1 and beta 2 chains differ from each other by only one amino acid residue [23].
• The 5' and 3'-flanking regions of the human alpha 1 gene are orthologous to the corresponding region in galago, identifying the human alpha 2 gene as the more recently duplicated gene [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Galago

• In this report the karyotypes of Galago crassicaudatus monteiri and G. c. garnetti are described using G-banding, Q-banding, silver staining for nucleolus organizer regions and synaptonemal complex analysis [25].

References