Disease relevance of Platyrrhini

• These results demonstrate that the CD4 and CCR5 proteins of New World monkeys represent the major restriction against HIV-1 replication in these primates [1].
• Ganglion cells in the retina of a New World monkey, the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus, were injected with Lucifer yellow and Neurobiotin and subsequently processed with antibodies against one (alpha1), or against all subunits, of the glycine receptor, or against the anchoring protein gephyrin [2].

High impact information on Platyrrhini

• Letter: Binding of 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 to plasma protein in New World monkeys [3].
• By analyzing sequence data from the TRPC2 gene of 15 extant primate species, we provide evidence that the VNO was most likely functional in the common ancestor of New World monkeys and Old World monkeys and apes, but then became vestigial in the common ancestor of Old World monkeys and apes [4].
• In New World monkeys, FKBP51 has been implicated in cortisol resistance [5].
• We then examined the ancestral state of these sites by sequencing orthologous portions of CAPN10 in chimpanzee and orangutan (the identity of sites 43 and 19 was further investigated in a limited sample of other great apes and Old World and New World monkeys) [6].
• To investigate the TNF-alpha regulatory region in the primate lineage, we isolated TNF-alpha promoters from representative great apes, Old World monkeys, and New World monkeys [7].

Biological context of Platyrrhini

• To further our understanding of the individual lineages comprising the RNase A superfamily, we have isolated and characterized 10 novel genes orthologous to that encoding human RNase k6 from Great Ape, Old World, and New World monkey genomes [8].
• We examined the nucleotide and amino acid sequence variation of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) gene from 25 primates (4 hominoids, 8 Old World monkeys, 2 New World monkeys, 2 tarsiers, 7 lemuriforms, 2 lorisiforms) [9].
• Comparative mapping of more than 100 region-specific clones from human chromosome 3 in Bornean and Sumatran orangutans, siamang gibbon, and Old and New World monkeys allowed us to reconstruct ancestral simian and hominoid chromosomes [10].
• An endogenous pol (gene encoding polymerase) related element that flanked the human pseudogene was used as a probe to identify a fragment from this retroviral family in New World monkeys [11].
• Characterisation of the GH gene cluster in a new-world monkey, the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) [12].

Anatomical context of Platyrrhini

• The effects of atropine on bladder contractions evoked by sacral ventral root stimulation were investigated in two species of New World monkey (marmoset and cebus) and in paraplegic man [13].
• The differences in dopamine turnover rate between the putamen and the caudate nucleus in the striatum lesioned by a neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were studied in the common marmoset, a small New World monkey [14].
• Thus in area 18, these zones of increased immunoreactivity coincide with the compartments revealing increased cytochrome oxidase activity, whereas the distribution of PARV and CALB is almost complementary in the subcortical visual centre and in the primary visual cortex (area 17) of New World monkeys [15].
• Human anti-D (Rho) monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) of the IgG (70) and IgM (27) classes were tested with red blood cells (RBCs) of various non-human primates, from anthropoid apes to New World monkeys [16].

Associations of Platyrrhini with chemical compounds

• The concentrations of total and protein-unbound plasma cortisol of New World monkeys are higher than those of Old World primates and prosimians [17].
• The receptor content is the same in all species, but the New World monkeys have a markedly decreased binding affinity for dexamethasone [17].
• Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) was applied to a single site in the middle cortical layers (III-IV) in the koniocortical somatosensory fields of sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized rats (Sml) and new world monkeys (area 3b) [18].
• Biliary lipids in New World monkeys: dietary cholesterol, fat, and species interactions [19].
• The transport of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in a New World monkey [20].

Gene context of Platyrrhini

• These observations suggest that a triplication of the haptoglobin locus occurred after the divergence of the new world monkeys, followed by a deletion of one locus in humans [21].
• This additional intron is also found in the Surf-5 gene of both Old and New World monkeys, being generated before the divergence of human and prosimians but after the divergence of primates and rodents [22].
• MHC-G intron 2 from New World monkeys does not show the typical 23 bp deletion found in all other more recent primate species [23].
• Interesting trends include an unusually low number of synonymous substitutions (Ks) observed among the New World monkey RNase k6 genes [8].
• Interestingly, acquisition of antiviral activity parallels the evolutionary development of the primate EDN lineage, having emerged some time after the divergence of the Old World from the New World monkeys [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Platyrrhini

• The HERV-R gene was not detected in New World monkeys or prosimians with FISH and PCR analyses [25].
• Sera or plasma from 98 wild-caught New World monkeys representing 10 different species was tested by RT-PCR with conserved degenerate primers to the 5' noncoding region of the genome [26].
• Comparative in situ hybridization in various primate species has revealed a pseudoautosomal location for the human ANT3 gene and an X-specific location for the steroid sulfatase (STS) gene throughout the higher primate species up to the New World monkeys [27].

References