Disease relevance of Aphakia

• Recent studies of mouse mutant aphakia have implicated the homeobox gene Pitx3 in the survival of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, the degeneration of which causes Parkinson's disease [1].
• Diagnostic categories include nystagmus, aphakia, strabismus, glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), ptosis, optic nerve abnormalities, etc [2].
• Blood-aqueous barrier changes after the use of prostaglandin analogues in patients with pseudophakia and aphakia: a 6-month randomized trial [3].
• Personal observations on three different groups of diseases associated with CME, retinitis pigmentosa, pars planitis and aphakia, are presented [4].
• From these results, we conclude that combined intraocular lens and strabismus surgery is efficacious and indicated in patients with strabismus and cataracts or aphakia [5].

High impact information on Aphakia

• These lines of evidence suggest that the abnormal ocular development in the aphakia mouse is due to the deletion upstream of the Pitx3 gene [6].
• Isolation of a new homeobox gene belonging to the Pitx/Rieg family: expression during lens development and mapping to the aphakia region on mouse chromosome 19 [7].
• Therefore, our study provides the first direct evidence that the aphakia allele of Pitx3 is a hypomorph and that Pitx3 is required for the regulation of TH expression in midbrain dopaminergic neurons as well as the generation and/or maintenance of these cells [1].
• In the aphakia strain, ECM components were observed intercellularly in the presumptive neural retina and lens rudiment of some specimens [8].
• Striatal neuroadaptation and rescue of locomotor deficit by L-dopa in aphakia mice, a model of Parkinson's disease [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Aphakia

• We now show that only a subset of MesDA neurons express Pitx3 and that in Pitx3-deficient aphakia mice, this subset is progressively lost by apoptosis during fetal (substantia nigra, SN) and postnatal (ventral tegmental area) development, resulting in very low striatal DA and akinesia [10].
• Both polysulfones and hydrogel materials can be used to correct aphakia in clinical situations where other modalities are less appropriate [11].
• In the 25 patients who received the subconjunctival dose, cefotaxime or its metabolite could be only detected in patients with aphakia or in those who previously underwent vitreal surgery [12].
• Comparison of fluorine-surface-modified and unmodified lenses for implantation in pediatric aphakia [13].
• CONCLUSION: Fluorine modification of PMMA IOLs is an effective and safe method to reduce the cicatricial response when IOL implantation is used to correct pediatric aphakia [13].

Biological context of Aphakia

• Pitx3 was mapped close to aphakia on mouse chromosome 19 [7].
• The aphakia homozygous mouse is characterized by small eyes lacking a lens, which fail to develop beyond 11 d.p.c. These data make Pitx3 a strong candidate gene for the aphakia phenotype in the mouse and suggest a role for the human homolog in congenital lens malformations [7].
• Chemical disinfection was used by seven of the nine patients with myopia and eight of the nine with aphakia [14].
• They offer better visual acuity and increased field of vision in high myopia, irregular astigmatism, and aphakia [15].
• School vision-screening tests should be encouraged, and long-term followup of patients with high myopia, aphakia, and retrolental fibroplasia should be practiced [16].

Anatomical context of Aphakia

• The use of hydrogel lenses could potentially eliminate many of the negative aspects of the use of human donor corneas for the surgical correction of aphakia [17].
• BACKGROUND: Congenital aphakia is a rare condition that has been classified as primary when no lens induction of the surface ectoderm occurs and secondary when lens development takes place but later is resorbed or expelled in utero [18].

Gene context of Aphakia

• The mGluR1-signaling downstream-effector phospholipase C beta 4 was identified in a suppression subtractive hybridization screen comparing wild-type and Pit x 3-deficient Aphakia midbrain dopaminergic neurons [19].
• Keratomileusis for myopia and aphakia [20].
• Fifty patients with aphakia and strabismus were studied [21].
• Localization of keratin in the cells of the cornea in aphakia and normal mouse embryos [22].
• When confronted with pre-existing aphakia (particularly unilateral) the visual and psychological results of secondary Mark VIII implantation are excellent over a wide spectrum of indications and ocular states [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Aphakia

• Epikeratophakia for aphakia, keratoconus, and myopia [24].
• The indications for keratoplasty were myopia, keratoconus, and aphakia [25].
• METHODS: Retrospectively, we reviewed 12 consecutive charts of children with multiple diagnoses of trauma (n = 5), high myopia (n = 1), surgical aphakia (n = 5), corneal scar (n = 4), and microophthalmia (n = 2) who were considered for RGP contact lenses [26].
• Scleral buckling without drainage of subretinal fluid is a technique suitable to a broad range of detachment problems including aphakia, vitreous traction, multiple tears, high myopia, and large breaks, as well as old or extensive detachment [27].
• A comparison of grating visual acuity, strabismus, and reoperation outcomes among children with aphakia and pseudophakia after unilateral cataract surgery during the first six months of life [28].

References