Disease relevance of Language Disorders

• The Foxp subfamily of forkhead/HNF3 transcription factors has recently been recognized because of its involvement in autoimmune disease, speech and language disorders, and lung development [1].

Psychiatry related information on Language Disorders

• Several studies of autistic disorder have demonstrated linkage to a similar region of 7q (the AUTS1 locus), leading to the proposal that a single genetic factor on 7q31 contributes to both autism and language disorders [2].
• Low butyrylcholinesterase activity was correlated with severity of dementia, memory impairment, and language disorder [3].
• A factor analysis yielded six factor scales: tantrums, aggression/conduct, language disorder/verbal aggression, social withdrawal/stereotypy, eating disorders, and sleep disorders [4].
• We describe a 12-year-old boy with a history of attention deficient hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), reading disorder, mixed receptive and expressive language disorder, encopresis, and bipolar disorder II who was treated with gabapentin 200 mg/day added to methylphenidate 30 mg/day [5].
• Moreover, the Language Disorder group scored significantly lower on all the subtests while the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disability groups scored lower on coding and information, respectively [6].

High impact information on Language Disorders

• We initiated a genome-wide search for linkage in the KE family and have identified a region on chromosome 7 which co-segregates with the speech and language disorder (maximum lod score = 6.62 at theta = 0.0), confirming autosomal dominant inheritance with full penetrance [7].
• Half the members of the KE family suffer from a speech and language disorder caused by a mutation in the FOXP2 gene [8].
• MECP2 mutation in a boy with language disorder and schizophrenia [9].
• Prepsychotic language disorder predicted abnormal planum temporale asymmetry in the adolescents with schizophrenia [10].
• The receptive language disorder best correlated with cerebral metabolic rates of glucose in the left superior temporal cortex, and word fluency correlated with cerebral metabolic rates of glucose in the left prefrontal cortex [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Language Disorders

• Interruption of nicardipine administration was followed by relapse of the language disorder [12].
• In order to study the pathophysiology of language disorders due to deep-seated left-hemisphere lesions not involving the cortex, a population of 43 right-handed stroke patients (29 aphasic) presenting with such lesions was studied clinically and by regional cerebral blood flow measurements (two-dimensional xenon-133 inhalation method) [13].
• Screening for speech and language disorders: the reliability, validity and accuracy of the General Language Screen [14].
• Audiotaped conversational samples from adults diagnosed as having autistic disorders (n = 15) or developmental receptive language disorders (n = 17) in childhood were transcribed and analyzed using methods based on those of Bishop and Adams (1989) [15].
• Catabolism of histidine was investigated in 24 patients with different speech and language disorders and with significantly low histidase activity in stratum corneum [16].

Biological context of Language Disorders

• A missense mutation in the forkhead domain (exon 14) and a balanced reciprocal translocation t(5;7)(q22;q31.2) with a breakpoint between exons 3b and 4 have recently been associated with a speech and language disorder (SPCH1) [17].
• Human chromosome 7q31 contains putative susceptibility loci for autism (AUTS1) and speech and language disorder (SPCH1) [18].

Gene context of Language Disorders

• A total of 534 preschoolers recruited from a Developmental Pediatric or Speech and Language Disorders clinic were tested with Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction DNA analyses; 3 were found to have the FMR1 full mutation [19].
• The association of a language disorder with epilepsy is frequent in children, but there is usually no causal relationship [20].
• The Sheffield Screening Test for Acquired Language Disorders was an appropriate screen for language problems [21].
• The language disorder/dysphonetic dyslexic subtype demonstrated a REA with right ear depression [22].
• Patients were screened for cognitive impairment on the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Sheffield Screening Test for Acquired Language Disorders and Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and received a further battery of assessments of cognitive function [21].

References