Disease relevance of Pronervon T

• Fatal temazepam overdoses [1].
• Small planum temporale volume in Down's syndrome: a volumetric MRI study [2].
• Results of CT/MRI studies suggest that in the brains of dyslexics there is an increased incidence of symmetry in the region of the planum temporale and parietooccipital cortex that may be associated with language delay and handedness [3].
• Prepsychotic language disorder predicted abnormal planum temporale asymmetry in the adolescents with schizophrenia [4].
• The kinetics of temazepam, 30 mg, were evaluated in 11 patients with end-stage renal disease [5].

Psychiatry related information on Pronervon T

• INTERVENTIONS: Cognitive-behavior therapy (stimulus control, sleep restriction, sleep hygiene, and cognitive therapy) (n = 18), pharmacotherapy (temazepam) (n = 20), or both (n = 20) compared with placebo (n = 20) [6].
• BACKGROUND: The Heschl gyrus and planum temporale have crucial roles in auditory perception and language processing [7].
• Brains from male cases with dyslexia show symmetry of the planum temporale and predominantly left-sided cerebrocortical microdysgenesis [8].
• These scans include the region of the superior surface of the temporal lobe (planum temporale), which is thought to be larger in individuals with left cerebral dominance for speech [9].
• The phonological processing regions in the superior temporal gyri (the planum temporale) were also atrophic in all Alzheimer's disease patients while the anterior superior temporal gyri were only atrophic in female patients [10].

High impact information on Pronervon T

• Perinatal mortality due to interaction of diphenhydramine and temazepam [11].
• Left posterior STG and the left planum temporale, but not other regions of interest, were specifically and positively correlated (r>0.5) with left temporal P300 voltage in patients with schizophrenia but not in patients with affective psychosis or in control subjects [12].
• Sex-specific effects were primarily evident in the cortex, particularly in the frontomedial cortex, basal forebrain, cingulate and paracingulate gyri, posterior supramarginal gyrus, and planum temporale [13].
• BACKGROUND: The planum temporale, located on the posterior and superior surface of the temporal lobe, is a brain region thought to be a biological substrate of language and possibly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia [14].
• This is yet another example of anomalous expression of cerebral asymmetry in dyslexia similar to that of the planum temporale, which in our view reflects abnormality in circuits involved in reading [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pronervon T

• Effects of end-stage renal disease and aluminum hydroxide on temazepam kinetics [5].
• Compounds with high benzodiazepine receptor affinity such as triazolam are thought to cause this type of amnesia more often than the lower-affinity compounds such as temazepam [16].
• This paper reviews the existing sleep laboratory studies for the presence or absence of rebound insomnia following treatment with triazolam, temazepam, and flurazepam in insomniac patients or poor sleepers and, when possible, in normals [17].
• Psychomotor impairment was evident after administration of 75 mg diphenhydramine in comparison with placebo on the manual tracking test (p < 0.05); this was less than the impairment with 30 mg temazepam (p < 0.001) but similar to that with 15 mg temazepam (NS) [18].
• Nocturnal myoclonus: treatment efficacy of clonazepam and temazepam [19].

Biological context of Pronervon T

• Effects of intravenous temazepam. II. A study of the long-term reproducibility of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and concentration-effect parameters [20].
• Effects of intravenous temazepam. I. Saccadic eye movements and electroencephalogram after fast and slow infusion to pseudo steady state [21].
• Differences in protein binding of temazepam did not account for the approximate fourfold variability in individual sensitivities to temazepam [22].
• A comparison of the sensitivities of adaptive tracking, eye movement analysis and visual analog lines to the effects of incremental doses of temazepam in healthy volunteers [23].
• The effects of single oral doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg temazepam were evaluated with the adaptive tracking test, analysis of smooth-pursuit and saccadic eye movements, and visual analog lines in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover experiment with 12 healthy volunteers [23].

Anatomical context of Pronervon T

• 5. NGFR mRNA is expressed in the primordia of the ampullary cristae (E5-7) and possibly the anlage of the utricle; label transiently concentrates in the planum semilunatum of the cristae ampullares and in superior portions of the semicircular canals at E9, but is not seen in differentiating hair cells [24].
• In contrast, the imagery condition elicited bilateral hemodynamic responses only in the secondary auditory cortex (including the planum temporale) [25].
• Lesions involved the superior temporal gyrus (including the planum temporale), the inferior parietal lobe and the parietal operculum; this area appears to constitute the human auditory cortical processing area [26].
• Leftward occipital and rightward frontal lobe asymmetry (brain torque) and leftward planum temporale asymmetry have been consistently reported in postmortem and in vivo neuroimaging studies of the human brain [27].
• Morphology of the planum temporale and corpus callosum in left handers with evidence of left and right hemisphere speech representation [28].

Associations of Pronervon T with other chemical compounds

• Cytochrome P450IIIA enzymes in rat liver microsomes: involvement in C3-hydroxylation of diazepam and nordazepam but not N-dealkylation of diazepam and temazepam [29].
• There were considerable differences in elimination t1/2s, with means of 35 (15 to 66) hr for flunitrazepam, 28 (22 to 33) hr for nitrazepam, 12 (8 to 22) hr for temazepam, 2.4 (1.4 to 3.9) hr for triazolam, and 84 (40 to 114) hr for DAF [30].
• Therefore rifampin preferentially affects norantipyrine or desmethyl- and 3-hydroxydiazepam metabolic formation, suggesting induction of different (iso)zymes of cytochrome P-450 [31].
• Temazepam triggers the release of vasopressin into the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: novel insight into benzodiazepine action on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system activity during stress [32].
• The second revolution began in the early 1980s as shorter half-life hypnotics, triazolam and temazepam, became available and began to replace flurazepam [33].

Gene context of Pronervon T

• CYP3A4 exhibited the highest activity of nordiazepam 3-hydroxylation and temazepam N-demethylation [34].
• 3. CYP2C19, 3A4 and 3A5 of the ten human P450s catalysed the 3-hydroxylation of nordiazepam, and 2B6, the 2C subfamily and the 3A subfamily catalysed the N-demethylation of temazepam [34].
• CONCLUSIONS: Our results have shown that temazepam inhibits the pituitary-adrenal responses to human CRH in normal subjects, but not in those with Cushing's syndrome [35].
• DESIGN: We have investigated the effects of 20 mg oral temazepam or placebo on serum cortisol and plasma ACTH after the administration of 100 micrograms i.v. human CRH in 12 healthy volunteers and in 9 patients with Cushing's syndrome [35].
• Adult male Wistar rats were intravenously administered with temazepam (0.5, 1, and 3 mg/kg body weight) and plasma concentrations of corticotropin (ACTH) and vasopressin (AVP) were measured in blood samples collected via chronically implanted jugular venous catheters [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pronervon T

• To investigate further the role of planum temporale abnormalities in schizophrenia, we measured gray matter volume underlying the planum temporale from high spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging techniques [14].
• A comparison of fMRI signals between trials in which participants successfully identified both vowels as opposed to when only one of the two vowels was recognized revealed enhanced activity in left thalamus, Heschl's gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and the planum temporale [36].
• Finally a meta-analysis of MRI measurements of the distribution of planum anatomy in normal subjects is presented [37].
• METHODS: Hypnograms from 21 patients with primary insomnia were collected during a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study of 20 mg temazepam [38].
• Venous plasma concentrations of temazepam were measured by HPLC [21].

References