Disease relevance of Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral

• RESULTS: Significantly higher levels of sCD23 were found in the CSF of the patients with brain lymphoma than in those with systemic NHL (P < 0.002) or with cerebral toxoplasmosis, PML and AIDS-related dementia (P < 0.0001) [1].
• The specimens were taken from 74 adults with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection receiving pyrimethamine-containing drugs for prophylaxis or curative therapy of reactivated cerebral toxoplasmosis [2].
• Renal failure due to sulphadiazine in AIDS patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis [3].
• Focal dystonia secondary to cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome [4].
• We report two AIDS patients who developed acute renal failure while receiving sulphadiazine for cerebral toxoplasmosis [5].

High impact information on Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral

• Treatment of presumed cerebral toxoplasmosis with azithromycin [6].
• Failure of spiramycin to prevent neurotoxoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients [7].
• Cerebral toxoplasmosis and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis [8].
• Acute cerebral toxoplasmosis is induced by in vivo neutralization of TNF-alpha and correlates with the down-regulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and other markers of macrophage activation [9].
• Failure of atovaquone in the treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral

• Pyrimethamine alone as long-term suppressive therapy in cerebral toxoplasmosis [11].
• Sulphadiazine desensitization in patients with AIDS and cerebral toxoplasmosis [12].
• Clindamycin in cerebral toxoplasmosis [13].
• PATIENTS AND METHODS: HIV-infected patients (n = 331) with CD4 cell counts < 200 x 10(6)/l or with AIDS but without a history of PCP or cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT) were randomized to receive pentamidine (300 mg every 4 weeks), cotrimoxazole (160/800 mg 3 days a week) or dapsone plus pyrimethamine (100 and 25 mg weekly) [14].
• Effective treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis with doxycycline [15].

Biological context of Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral

• Four compounds (5a,h,k,l) were tested against T. gondii tachyzoites in culture and were found to have a potency (IC50 = 0.1-0.5 microM) similar to that of pyrimethamine (IC50 = 0.69 microM), a standard clinical agent for the treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients [16].
• Because the infection can be controlled with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine, a high index of suspicion is essential to detect incipient cerebral toxoplasmosis. serial serologic testing is helpful by demonstrating titer elevations; however, poor antibody production or transferred antibody may be misleading clinically when single tests are evaluated [17].
• 4 - In immunocompromised patients, the systematic use of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine prevents neurotoxoplasmosis, in case of kidney, heart, and allogeneic bone marrow transplantations, and also in case of patients with malignant hemopathy or AIDS [18].

Anatomical context of Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral

• Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA by polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid from AIDS patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis [19].
• Rapid differential diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis and primary central nervous system lymphoma by thallium-201 SPECT [20].

Gene context of Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral

• The patient developed cerebral toxoplasmosis immediately after etanercept treatment with a good outcome [21].
• We therefore conclude that both TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma may be involved in the defense against cerebral toxoplasmosis by inducing IDO activity as an antiparasitic effector mechanism in brain cells [22].
• Considering only those patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis from whom CSF was collected before or during the first week of antitoxoplasmic therapy, sensitivity rose to 50% [23].
• Thus, on infection of organotypic neuronal cultures, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha exhibit largely detrimental effects, which could contribute to either inhibition or acceleration of parasite proliferation during cerebral toxoplasmosis [24].
• Twice-weekly dapsone-pyrimethamine for preventing PCP and cerebral toxoplasmosis [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral

• Medical treatment was successful with pericardiocentesis and antibiotherapy with teicoplanin, gentamicin, clarithromycin, rifampicin, supplemented by empirical treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis [26].
• Diagnosis of neurotoxoplasmosis by antibody detection in cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid using Latex Agglutination Test and ELISA [27].

References