Disease relevance of Tobamovirus

• Here we report the map-based cloning of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene, TOM1, which is necessary for the efficient multiplication of tobamoviruses, positive-strand RNA viruses infecting a wide variety of plants [1].
• Competition assays established that PVA CP and the well characterized 30-kDa MP of tobacco mosaic virus (genus Tobamovirus) are phosphorylated in vitro by the same Ser/Thr kinase activity from tobacco leaves [2].
• The presence of ICR1 and ICR2-like sequences in BMV genomic 5' (+)RNAs and the tobamovirus 5' (-)RNAs may reflect promoter arrangements of primordial genomic RNAs ancestral to both modern plant viruses and eukaryotic tRNAs [3].
• Gene constructs encoding TEV NIa, the tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV) coat protein (CP) and the soybean mosaic potyvirus (SMV) CP were used to develop transgenic tobacco plants [4].
• A full-length DNA clone encoding the genome of odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus (ORSV) was synthesized and placed adjacent to a bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter [5].

High impact information on Tobamovirus

• Exposure of tobacco plants to low levels of cadmium ions blocks the systemic spread of turnip vein-clearing tobamovirus (TVCV) [6].
• The systemic movement of a tobamovirus is inhibited by a cadmium-ion-induced glycine-rich protein [6].
• The data presented here suggest that TOM2A is also an integral part of the tobamovirus replication complex [7].
• The split-ubiquitin assay demonstrated an interaction of TOM2A both with itself and with TOM1, an integral membrane protein of A.thaliana presumed to be an essential constituent of tobamovirus replication complex [7].
• A cDNA encoding phytoene synthase and a partial cDNA encoding phytoene desaturase (PDS) were placed under the transcriptional control of a tobamovirus subgenomic promoter [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Tobamovirus

• Phosphorylation and/or presence of serine 37 in the movement protein of tomato mosaic tobamovirus is essential for intracellular localization and stability in vivo [9].
• However, the structure of U2-TMV RNA is less stringently conserved than the 3' termini of "vulgare" and other histidine-accepting tobamoviruses [10].
• In two ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia and Nössen), SA-induced resistance to a tobamovirus, Turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV), was also induced by nonlethal concentrations of cyanide and AA without concomitant induction of PR-1 gene expression [11].
• Valine-accepting tRNA-like structures (TLSs) are found at the 3' ends of the genomic RNAs of most plant viruses belonging to the genera Tymovirus, Furovirus, Pomovirus and Pecluvirus, and of one Tobamovirus species [12].

Biological context of Tobamovirus

• The conserved amino acid sequences in the MP can be used for the classification of tobamoviruses [13].
• However, cell-to-cell movement of the mutant PVX genome was restored by co-inoculation with 35S constructs containing the MP cDNA of PVX, either tobamovirus or RCNMV [14].
• Amino acid sequences of the MTR, HEL, and RdRp show highly significant similarity to the homologous sequences from other closteroviruses and lower similarity to the respective proteins of tobamoviruses, tobraviruses, hordeiviruses, bromoviruses, and furoviruses [15].
• Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV) coat protein (CP) mutant E50Q lacks a repulsive intersubunit carboxylate group and can effectively inhibit the disassembly of wild-type TMV (Culver et al, 1995, Virology 206,724) [16].
• It consists of 6507 nucleotides and contains four open reading frames, exactly corresponding to the genomic organization of tobamoviruses known so far, i.e. encoding the 130K, 180K, 30K and coat proteins [17].

Anatomical context of Tobamovirus

• Previously we reported that, unlike RNA of typical tobamoviruses, the translation of the coat protein (CP) gene of a crucifer-infecting tobamovirus (crTMV) in vitro occurred by an internal ribosome entry mechanism mediated by the 148-nt region that contained an internal ribosome entry site (IRES(CP,148)(CR)) [18].

Gene context of Tobamovirus

• RNA helicase domain of tobamovirus replicase executes cell-to-cell movement possibly through collaboration with its nonconserved region [19].
• The capacity of crTMV IRES(CP) for mediating internal translation distinguishes this CP tobamovirus from the well-known-type member of the genus, TMV UI [20].
• The tomato mosaic tobamovirus movement protein interacts with a putative transcriptional coactivator KELP [21].
• We have compared the intercellular trafficking of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions of KN1 and Arabidopsis KN1-related homeobox proteins to that of the viral movement protein from turnip vein clearing tobamovirus [22].
• Interviral homologies of the 30K proteins of tobamoviruses [23].

References