Disease relevance of Virology

• HIV-1 viral load, phenotype, and resistance in a subset of drug-naive participants from the Delta trial. The National Virology Groups. Delta Virology Working Group and Coordinating Committee [1].
• On the basis of these results we suggested that one of the eight genome RNA segments of influenza virus codes for two polypeptides [Lamb, R.A., Etkind, P.R. & Choppin, P.W. (1978) Virology 91, 60-78] [2].
• The c1 repressor gene of bacteriophage P1 is located on P1 DNA EcoRI fragment 7 (Sternberg, N. (1979) Virology 96, 129-142) [3].
• Deletion of the vaccinia virus K3L gene, a homologue of the alpha subunit of protein synthesis initiation factor 2, has been reported to reduce the ability of the virus to grow in interferon-treated cells (Beattie, E., Tattaglia, J., and Paoletti, E. (1991) Virology 183, 419-422) [4].
• The phosphoprotein of measles virus is a modular protein consisting of an intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain (Karlin, D., Longhi, S., Receveur, V., and Canard, B. (2002) Virology 296, 251-262) and of a C-terminal moiety (PCT) composed of alternating disordered and globular regions [5].

High impact information on Virology

• In this review, Timothy Wells, Christine Power and Amanda Proudfoot discuss the chemokines and their receptors and recent data from immunological and virology studies, and speculate on the potential of interfering with the chemokine network as a useful approach to ameliorating disease [6].
• In an earlier study, changes in hexose uptake were found to occur 8-12 hr after the shift [Horn, J. P., Wood, T. G., Blair, D. G. & Arlinghaus, R. B. (1980) Virology 105, 516-525] [7].
• We have recently identified in cells transformed by Ki-MSV or Ha-MSV, a phosphoprotein, p21, coded for by Ki-MSV and Ha-MSV [Shih, T.Y., Weeks, M.O., Young, H.A. & Scolnick, E.M. (1979) Virology 95, in press] [8].
• We previously described the pHaMSV vector, which includes the human MDR1 gene as a selectable marker and chemoprotective gene, plus an internal SV40 promoter for expressing a second heterologous gene along with MDR1 [M. E. Metz, D. M. Best, and S. E. Kane. Virology, 208: 634-643, 1995] [9].
• For a long time, the family of type I interferons (IFN-alpha/beta) has received little attention outside the fields of virology and tumor immunology [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Virology

• Intrachain disulfide bonds between paired cysteines in the glycoprotein (G) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) are required for the recognition of discontinuous epitopes by specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (W. Keil and R. R. Wagner, Virology 170:392-407, 1989) [11].
• The phosphoprotein NS of vesicular stomatitis virus which accumulates within the infected cell cytoplasm is phosphorylated at multiple serine and threonine residues (G. M. Clinton and A. S. Huang, Virology 108:510-514, 1981; Hsu et al., J. Virol. 43:104-112, 1982) [12].
• This result agrees with a previously published report in which it was shown that Sindbis virus maturation in invertebrate cells is inhibited by actinomycin D, indicating a possible requirement for host cell nuclear function (Scheefers-Borchel et al., Virology, 110:292-301, 1981) [13].
• The viral protein synthesis pattern observed in vaccinia virus-infected cells treated with the drug isatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone was strikingly similar to that observed in ts22-infected cells at the nonpermissive temperature (J. Cooper, B. Moss, and E. Katz, Virology 96:381-392, 1979) [14].
• Recently, we identified and characterized BMY-27709 as an inhibitor of the H1 and H2 subtypes of influenza A virus that specifically inhibits the HA function necessary for virus-cell membrane fusion (G.-X. Luo, R. Colonno, and M. Krystal, Virology 226:66-76, 1996) [15].

Biological context of Virology

• The RING domain of p28 has been shown to be a critical determinant of viral virulence for the ectromelia virus (mousepox virus) in a murine infection model (Senkevich, T. G., Koonin, E. V., and Buller, R. M. (1994) Virology 198, 118-128) [16].
• Coliphage N4 replication is independent of most host DNA replication functions except for the 5'----3' exonuclease activity of polA, DNA ligase, DNA gyrase, and ribonucleotide reductase (Guinta, D., Stambouly, J., Falco, S. C., Rist, J. K., and Rothman-Denes, L. B. (1986) Virology 150, 33-44) [17].
• Previous work showed that integrated proviruses of both mutants are missing DNA sequences in pol: one mutant, PH9 (Mason et al., J. Virol. 30:132-140, 1979), contains a deletion near the 3' end of pol, whereas the other, SE52d (linial et al., Virology 87:130-141, 1978), may have inserted a host cell sequence near the 5' end of pol [18].
• The consensus sequence was deduced from the complete sequences of pTRSB and HRsp (E. G. Strauss, C. M. Rice, and J. H. Strauss, Virology 133:92-110, 1984), from partial sequences of the glycoprotein genes of three other AR339 laboratory strains, and by comparison with the sequences of the glycoprotein genes of three other AR339 sequence [19].
• The UL1 gene has previously been implicated in virus-induced cell fusion (S. Little and P. A. Schaffer, Virology 112:686-697, 1981) [20].

Anatomical context of Virology

• Recently, we reported that abortive HIV infection of resting human T lymphocytes up-regulated expression of CD62L, the receptor for homing to lymph nodes (LNs), and enhanced homing of these cells from the blood into the LNs (Wang et al., 1997, Virology 228:141) [21].
• These elements, in addition to iduronic acid demonstrated previously (L. K. Hallak, P. L. Collins, W. Knudson, and M. E. Peeples, Virology 271:264-275, 2000), partially define cell surface molecules important for RSV infection of cultured cells [22].
• Human isolates of dengue (DEN) type 1 viruses FGA/89 and BR/90 differ in their membrane fusion properties in mosquito cell lines (P. Desprès et al., Virology 196:209-216, 1993) [23].
• We have previously shown that both alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma signaling pathways are blocked in HeLa cells expressing the adenovirus E1A proteins (G. T. Leonard and G. C. Sen, Virology 224:25-33, 1996) [24].
• As previously reported (Young et al., Virology, 238, 291), a peptide with the sequence ALDKLEESNSKLDKVNVKLT (amino acids 478-497 of the F protein) inhibited syncytia formation after transfection of Cos cells with the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and F protein cDNAs [25].

Associations of Virology with chemical compounds

• Recently, we identified EHV4 glycoprotein G (gG) and characterized it as a type-specific, secreted glycoprotein (B. S. Crabb, H. S. Nagesha, and M. J. Studdert, Virology 190:143-154, 1992) [26].
• We have detected a serine protein kinase activity which is closely associated with p37mos in immune complexes obtained with antibodies [anti-mos(37-55) serum] that were generated with a peptide containing amino acids 37 through 55 of the v-mos protein (S. A. Maxwell and R. B. Arlinghaus, Virology 143:321-333, 1985) [27].
• (Virology 279:78-89, 2001) proposed that Ad37 uses a 50-kDa protein as a receptor on Chang C conjunctival cells and that this interaction is independent of sialic acid [28].
• There is evidence that the amino-terminal region of gp55 forms a dualtropic-specific domain that is connected to the remainder of the glycoprotein by a proline-rich linker (C. Machida, R. Bestwick, B. Boswell, and D. Kabat, Virology 144:158-172, 1985) [29].
• High concentrations of various monosaccharides and lactose had no effect on reovirus attachment, in agreement with the recent results of Armstrong and his collaborators (Armstrong et al., Virology, 138:37-48, 1984) [30].

Gene context of Virology

• Genetic characterization of SHIVKU-1 showed that it has a functional vpu gene (the first codon is ATG vs ACG for the vpu of SHIV-4) and several amino acid substitutions in Env and nef [Stephens et al. (1997) Virology 231, 313-321] [31].
• We show that the defect associated with attenuation in strain Bartha is located in a 3.8-kb subfragment of BamHI-4 which encompasses the PrV UL20 and UL21 genes and a putative origin of replication (B. Klupp, H. Kern, and T. C. Mettenleiter, 1992, Virology 191, 900-908) [32].
• The tL2 termination site, which was placed by Salstrom and Szybalski (Virology 88, 252-260, 1978) between lambda genes bet and ral, was found to consist of a cluster of four leftward terminators [33].
• In the accompanying article (Borger et al., 2000, Virology 270, 397-407), we demonstrate that RA resistance in HKc/HPV16 arises despite functional nuclear retinoid receptors and that TGF-beta mediates growth inhibition by RA [34].
• A coexpression assay previously used to define protein interaction domains in the HIV-1 Rev protein [R. H. Stauber, E. Afonina, S. Gulnik, J. Erickson, and G. N. Pavlakis (1998a). Virology 251, 38-48.] indicated that Tat exists predominantly as a monomer and does not form stable multimers with B23 in living cells [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Virology

• We have previously described a gene of ectromelia virus (EV) that codes for a 28-kDa RING zinc finger-containing protein (p28) that is nonessential for virus growth in cell culture but is critical for EV pathogenicity in mice (T. G. Senkevich, E. V. Koonin, and R. M. L. Buller, Virology 198:118-128; 1994) [36].
• Comparison of the ADVIA Centaur and Abbott AxSYM immunoassay systems for a routine diagnostic virology laboratory [37].
• Red cell and plasma fractions were available for ABO grouping, virology testing and cryopreservation [38].
• Serotyping of 432 rotavirus positive fecal specimens collected from hospitalized children during 1990-1997 was carried out at National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, India, using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against VP7 determinant of serotypes G1-G4, G6, G8, and G10 [39].
• The correlation of a positive or negative PCR result in CSF and/or serum versus combined conventional virology (serology and isolation from 1-3 sites, i.e. CSF, stool and throat) was 78% [40].

References