Disease relevance of Fluorosis, Dental

• Animals receiving sodium fluoride developed effects typical of dental fluorosis, and female rats given 175 ppm had increased osteosclerosis [1].
• Concurrent with the decline in dental caries has been an increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis, a side-effect of exposure to greater than optimal levels of fluoride during amelogenesis [2].
• The results may contribute to a more complete understanding of acute fluoride toxicity, the development of dental fluorosis and, perhaps, the use of fluoride in the treatment of osteoporosis [3].

Psychiatry related information on Fluorosis, Dental

• In addition to differences in fluoride intake and possibly to calcium deficiency or malnutrition, there are several factors which may account for individual differences in the occurrence of dental fluorosis [4].

High impact information on Fluorosis, Dental

• In areas where fluoride concentrations exceeded 4 mg/l the prevalence of dental fluorosis reached 100% [5].
• Ire1 levels appeared induced by fluoride treatment, indicating that ER stress may play a role in dental fluorosis [6].
• Despite some studies correlating dental fluorosis (DF) and fluoride (F) concentration in dental enamel, no information is available about DF and dentin F concentration [7].
• In the last two decades, increasing fluoride exposure in various forms and vehicles is most likely the explanation for an increase in the prevalence of mild-to-moderate forms of dental fluorosis in many communities, not the least in those in which controlled water fluoridation has been established [8].
• However, in Beni Mellal, more than 96% of the dentate subjects examined were free of dental fluorosis, and the CFI of 0.02 was considered not significant [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Fluorosis, Dental

• About 36% of all children had dental fluorosis, ranging from 12.2 in Cadillac to 51.2 in Richmond (1.2 ppm) [10].
• OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between dental fluorosis, one of the most common developmental tooth enamel defects, and amoxicillin use during early childhood [11].
• The classification system includes 10 scores designed to characterize the degree of dental fluorosis affecting buccal/lingual and occlusal surfaces [12].

Biological context of Fluorosis, Dental

• Mild dental fluorosis has long been accepted as a side-effect of water fluoridation and, more recently, has been recognized as a consequence of the use of other fluoride-based caries-preventive strategies [13].
• Cattle which grazed in the vicinity of a plant manufacturing enamel and which displayed signs of chronic fluoride poisoning such as osteosclerosis and mottled enamel or dental fluorosis were investigated for the presence of structural chromatid and chromosome aberrations [14].
• The prevalence of dental fluorosis was consonant with the standards found for locations with optimum fluoride content in the water supply [15].
• Since even short-term increases in fluoride intake could potentially lead to more dental fluorosis, it is valuable to assess the degree of seasonal variation to determine if it increases fluoride intake to levels that could be considered a concern in young children [16].
• The plant has been designated as the "major source of fluoride emissions impacting on Cornwall Island." Chronic fluoride poisoning in Cornwall island cattle was manifested clinically by stunted growth and dental fluorosis to a degree of severe interference with drinking and mastication [17].

Anatomical context of Fluorosis, Dental

• Is fluoride concentration in dentin and enamel a good indicator of dental fluorosis [7]?
• Associations between Intakes of fluoride from beverages during infancy and dental fluorosis of primary teeth [18].
• The incidence of dental fluorosis is best correlated with the total cumulative fluoride exposure to the developing dentition [19].
• Mechanism of toxic action of fluoride in dental fluorosis: whether trimeric G proteins participate in the disturbance of intracellular transport of secretory ameloblast exposed to fluoride [20].
• The dental fluorosis that was observed was not associated with incisor wear or with fluoride-induced molar wear [21].

Gene context of Fluorosis, Dental

• The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 100%, 92% of all teeth exhibited a TFI score of 4 or higher, and 50% of the children had pitting or more severe enamel damage in at least half the teeth present [22].
• For each diagnostic syndrome of dental fluorosis, a log-normal distribution was observed on the logarithm of urinary fluoride concentration in students in China. Urinary fluoride content was found to be a primary health indicator of the prevalence of dental fluorosis in the community [23].
• METHODS: All children were graded for clinical, radiological and dental fluorosis and biochemical estimations were made for serum calcium, serum and urinary fluoride and serum parathyroid hormone [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Fluorosis, Dental

• Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that, in addition to use of fluoride supplements, starting toothbrushing at an early age was associated with higher prevalence of dental fluorosis [25].
• CONCLUSION: Increasing water fluoride levels were associated with higher prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and had no influence on caries experience in children with poor oral hygiene [26].
• The Fluorosis Risk Index appears to be particularly useful for analytical epidemiologic studies, because it is designed to permit a more accurate identification of associations between age-specific exposures to fluoride and the development of dental fluorosis [27].
• Vegetarianism and dental fluorosis among children in a high fluoride area of northern Tanzania [28].
• The authors briefly review the literature relating to hypotheses on dental fluorosis and describe in vitro cell culture techniques which could help to clarify the biological effect of fluoride on dental pulpal cells [29].

References