Disease relevance of Euryarchaeota

• The fourth contains eight methyl-viologen- (MV), factor F420- (F420) or NAD-reducing soluble hydrogenases from methanobacteria and Alcaligenes eutrophusH16 [1].
• Antibodies raised against a trpE-L16 fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli were used to examine immunological relatedness between Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal protein L16 and ribosomal proteins from eubacteria, halobacteria, methanogens, eocytes, and other eukaryotes [2].
• In the oxygen-evolving cyanobacteria and the aerobic halobacteria the [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins predominate [3].

High impact information on Euryarchaeota

• Specific resilience-function relations were found in neutron-scattering experiments on purple membranes containing bacteriorhodopsin, the light-activated proton pump of halobacteria; the connection between resilience and stability is illustrated by a study of myoglobin in different environments [4].
• Polyhydric alcohols, free amino acids and their derivatives, and combinations of urea and methylamines are the three types of osmolyte systems found in all water-stressed organisms except the halobacteria [5].
• Whereas components of methanogenesis and of phototrophic energy transduction in halobacteria appear to be unique to Archaea, respiratory complexes and the ATP synthase exhibit some chimeric features with respect to their evolutionary origin [6].
• Halorhodopsin (HR), the light-driven chloride pump in halobacteria, was digested with various proteolytic enzymes [7].
• Among archaebacteria, coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) and coenzyme B (7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate) play central roles in the anaerobic production of CH4 and associated energy conversion by methanogens, whereas the major thiol in the aerobic phototrophic halobacteria is gamma-glutamylcysteine [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Euryarchaeota

• Upon addition of retinal, archaeopsin-1 expressed in Escherichia coli (ecaO-1002) regenerated the chromophore in dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mixed micelles as efficiently as the same opsin prepared from halobacteria [9].

Biological context of Euryarchaeota

• These results, together with our previous biochemical analyses of one of the members, DNA polymerase II (DP1 + DP2) from Pyrococcus furiosus, implicate the DNA polymerases of this family in the DNA replication process of Euryarchaeota [10].
• The amino acid sequences of three archaeal seryl-tRNA synthetases (SerRS) from Haloarcula marismortui and Methanococcus jannaschii, both belonging to the group of Euryarchaeota, and from Sulfolobus solfataricus, of the group of Crenarchaeota, were aligned with other eubacterial and eukaryal available SerRS sequences [11].
• These proteins probably constitute a new succinate dehydrogenase-like oxidoreductase involved in what could be a novel pathway for energy metabolism in Group II euryarchaeota [12].
• We describe a CCCH type of zinc finger domain in a replication protein A (RPA) homolog found in members of different lineages of the Euryarchaeota, a subdomain of Archaea. The zinc finger is characterized by CX(2)CX(8)CX(2)H, where X is any amino acid [13].
• Mutagenesis, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine selection and screening techniques are described which are useful tools in the elucidation of the structure-function relationship of retinal proteins in halobacteria [14].

Anatomical context of Euryarchaeota

• The retinal protein phoborhodopsin (pR) (also called sensory rhodopsin II) is a specialized photoreceptor pigment used for negative phototaxis in halobacteria [15].

Associations of Euryarchaeota with chemical compounds

• Bacteriohodopsin (bR)-producing Halobacteria halobium were grown on a stringent medium containing either ring-perdeuterated proline or 15N-labeled proline [16].
• The cell surface glycoprotein of Halobacteria contains two different types of sulfated saccharides: hexuronic acid-containing oligosaccharides linked to the protein via asparaginylglucose, and a serially repeated saccharide unit containing amino sugars that resembles the animal glycosaminoglycans [17].
• Thus, gamma-glutamylcysteine is at least as stable under halophilic conditions as GSH is under nonhalophilic conditions, explaining why halobacteria utilize gamma-glutamylcysteine rather than GSH [18].
• Biosynthesis of sulfated saccharides N-glycosidically linked to the protein via glucose. Purification and identification of sulfated dolichyl monophosphoryl tetrasaccharides from halobacteria [19].
• These results indicate that Halobacteria contains specific proteins with a novel type of modification of a cysteine residue of the proteins with a diphytanylglyceryl group in thioether linkage [20].

Gene context of Euryarchaeota

• The genes coding for DP1 and DP2, the subunits of this DNA polymerase, are highly conserved in the Euryarchaeota [21].
• The action of novobiocin and coumermycin (two coumarins which interact with the gyrB subunit of eubacterial DNA gyrase) and ciprofloxacin (a fluoroquinolone which interacts with the gyrA subunit of DNA gyrase) was tested on several archaebacteria, including five methanogens, two halobacteria, and a thermoacidophile [22].
• Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Lig(Tk) was closely related to the ATP-dependent DNA ligase from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum DeltaH, a moderate thermophilic archaeon, along with putative DNA ligases from Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota [23].
• Archaeal histones from mesophilic, thermophilic, and hyperthermophilic members of the Euryarchaeota have primary sequences, the histone fold, tertiary structures, and dimer formation in common with the eukaryal nucleosome core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 [24].
• A heterodimeric DNA polymerase: evidence that members of Euryarchaeota possess a distinct DNA polymerase [10].

References