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MeSH Review:

Chromosomes, Artificial

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Disease relevance of Chromosomes, Artificial

Recombinant bacteria artificial chromosome (BAC) KSHV containing hygromycin resistance and green fluorescent protein (GFP) markers was generated by homologous recombination in KSHV-infected BCBL-1 cells [1].
The aim of this study was to characterize clones from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries and/or bacteriophage P1 artificial chromosome libraries spanning the IGH locus for detection of illegitimate rearrangement within the region by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) [2].

High impact information on Chromosomes, Artificial

Artificial chromosome transgenesis reveals long-distance negative regulation of rag1 in zebrafish [3].
We have combined long synthetic arrays of alpha satellite DNA with telomeric DNA and genomic DNA to generate artificial chromosomes in human HT1080 cells [4].
Here we have used a combination of chromosome engineering and P1 artificial chromosome transgenesis to localize the haploinsufficient gene in the region, Tbx1 [5].
Twenty-six different nonrearranging genes, which each encode highly diversified V as well as a V-like C2 extracellular domain, a transmembrane region, and in most instances, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-containing cytoplasmic tail, are identified in an approximately 113 kb P1 artificial chromosome insert [6].
We have constructed a YAC/P1 artificial chromosome (PAC)/bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based physical map that encompasses this refined DD region [7].

Biological context of Chromosomes, Artificial

This paper reports the fine genetic mapping of the Wld locus, the generation of a 1.4-Mb bacterial artificial chromosome and P1 artificial chromosome contig, and the identification of an 85-kb tandem triplication mapping within the candidate region [8].
We have extended these studies further by identifying Pl artificial chromosome (PAC) clones containing the CD164 gene and have used these to localize the CD164 gene specifically to human chromosome 6q21 [9].
A 320-kilobase artificial chromosome encoding the human HLA DR3-DQ2 MHC haplotype confers HLA restriction in transgenic mice [10].
Here, we describe the successful generation of prototype human satellite DNA-based artificial chromosomes via amplification-dependent de novo chromosome formations induced by integration of exogenous DNA sequences into the centromeric/rDNA regions of human acrocentric chromosomes [11].
In an attempt to identify trans-acting factors involved in replication origin function, we have characterized the RAR3 and RAR5 genes, identified by mutations which increase the mitotic stability of artificial chromosomes whose replication is dependent on the activity of weak ARS elements [12].

Anatomical context of Chromosomes, Artificial

In contrast, control mutant embryos injected with artificial chromosomes lacking the flh+ gene failed to form notochord [13].
Here we report the transfer of a satellite DNA-based artificial chromosome (an ACE), made in mouse cells, into human cord blood hematopoietic cells [14].

Associations of Chromosomes, Artificial with chemical compounds

Recent advances in chromosome engineering and the potential for downstream applications in gene therapy were presented at the Artificial Chromosome Session of Genome Medicine: Gene Therapy for the Millennium in Rome, Italy in September 2001 [15].
To isolate the UGT2B15 gene and other novel steroid-conjugating UGT2B genes, eight P-1-derived artificial chromosomes (PAC) clones varying in length from 30 kb to 165 kb were isolated [16].
In situ hybridization of the biotin-labelled artificial chromosome to metaphase human chromosomes shows that the insert occupies a telomeric position on the long arm of chromosome 9 [17].
All artificial chromosomes assembled markers of euchromatin (histone H3 lysine 4 methylation), which may partly reflect marker-gene expression [18].

Gene context of Chromosomes, Artificial

A P1 artificial chromosome clone containing the 5' region of MYBBP1A was isolated and indicates a physical linkage between MYBBP1A and the 15-lipoxygenase gene (ALOX15) [19].
We have now obtained yeast strains with artificial chromosomes carrying the three human RPA genes and report the more detailed genomic mapping of RPA [20].
To isolate this gene, a P-1 artificial chromosome (PAC) library was screened with a full length UGT2B7 probe and a clone of approximately 100 kb in length was isolated [21].
Using P1 artificial chromosome (PAC) clones, the structure of the GLRA3 gene was elucidated and its locus assigned to human chromosomal bands 4q33-q34 by fluorescence in situ hybridization [22].
METHODS: Human CAMK2G was cloned from a total human P1 artificial chromosome library using a partial Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase gamma(E) cDNA probe [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Chromosomes, Artificial

Subsequently, functional dissection of elements present within this LCR through the generation of new artificial-chromosome type tyrosinase transgenes has revealed the existence of different regulatory activities [24].

References

Efficient infection by a recombinant Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus cloned in a bacterial artificial chromosome: application for genetic analysis. Zhou, F.C., Zhang, Y.J., Deng, J.H., Wang, X.P., Pan, H.Y., Hettler, E., Gao, S.J. J. Virol. (2002) [Pubmed]
Detection of illegitimate rearrangement within the immunoglobulin locus on 14q32.3 in B-cell malignancies using end-sequenced probes. Poulsen, T.S., Silahtaroglu, A.N., Gisselø, C.G., Gaarsdal, E., Rasmussen, T., Tommerup, N., Johnsen, H.E. Genes Chromosomes Cancer (2001) [Pubmed]
Artificial chromosome transgenesis reveals long-distance negative regulation of rag1 in zebrafish. Jessen, J.R., Willett, C.E., Lin, S. Nat. Genet. (1999) [Pubmed]
Formation of de novo centromeres and construction of first-generation human artificial microchromosomes. Harrington, J.J., Van Bokkelen, G., Mays, R.W., Gustashaw, K., Willard, H.F. Nat. Genet. (1997) [Pubmed]
Tbx1 haploinsufficieny in the DiGeorge syndrome region causes aortic arch defects in mice. Lindsay, E.A., Vitelli, F., Su, H., Morishima, M., Huynh, T., Pramparo, T., Jurecic, V., Ogunrinu, G., Sutherland, H.F., Scambler, P.J., Bradley, A., Baldini, A. Nature (2001) [Pubmed]
A novel multigene family encodes diversified variable regions. Strong, S.J., Mueller, M.G., Litman, R.T., Hawke, N.A., Haire, R.N., Miracle, A.L., Rast, J.P., Amemiya, C.T., Litman, G.W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1999) [Pubmed]
Refined genetic mapping of the darier locus to a <1-cM region of chromosome 12q24.1, and construction of a complete, high-resolution P1 artificial chromosome/bacterial artificial chromosome contig of the critical region. Monk, S., Sakuntabhai, A., Carter, S.A., Bryce, S.D., Cox, R., Harrington, L., Levy, E., Ruiz-Perez, V.L., Katsantoni, E., Kodvawala, A., Munro, C.S., Burge, S., Larrègue, M., Nagy, G., Rees, J.L., Lathrop, M., Monaco, A.P., Strachan, T., Hovnanian, A. Am. J. Hum. Genet. (1998) [Pubmed]
An 85-kb tandem triplication in the slow Wallerian degeneration (Wlds) mouse. Coleman, M.P., Conforti, L., Buckmaster, E.A., Tarlton, A., Ewing, R.M., Brown, M.C., Lyon, M.F., Perry, V.H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1998) [Pubmed]
CD164, a novel sialomucin on CD34(+) and erythroid subsets, is located on human chromosome 6q21. Watt, S.M., Bühring, H.J., Rappold, I., Chan, J.Y., Lee-Prudhoe, J., Jones, T., Zannettino, A.C., Simmons, P.J., Doyonnas, R., Sheer, D., Butler, L.H. Blood (1998) [Pubmed]
A 320-kilobase artificial chromosome encoding the human HLA DR3-DQ2 MHC haplotype confers HLA restriction in transgenic mice. Chen, Z., Dudek, N., Wijburg, O., Strugnell, R., Brown, L., Deliyannis, G., Jackson, D., Koentgen, F., Gordon, T., McCluskey, J. J. Immunol. (2002) [Pubmed]
Novel generation of human satellite DNA-based artificial chromosomes in mammalian cells. Csonka, E., Cserpán, I., Fodor, K., Holló, G., Katona, R., Keresö, J., Praznovszky, T., Szakál, B., Telenius, A., deJong, G., Udvardy, A., Hadlaczky, G. J. Cell. Sci. (2000) [Pubmed]
rar mutations which increase artificial chromosome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identify transcription and recombination proteins. Kipling, D., Tambini, C., Kearsey, S.E. Nucleic Acids Res. (1991) [Pubmed]
Mutant rescue by BAC clone injection in zebrafish. Yan, Y.L., Talbot, W.S., Egan, E.S., Postlethwait, J.H. Genomics (1998) [Pubmed]
Transgene expression after stable transfer of a mammalian artificial chromosome into human hematopoietic cells. Vanderbyl, S.L., Sullenbarger, B., White, N., Perez, C.F., MacDonald, G.N., Stodola, T., Bunnell, B.A., Ledebur, H.C., Lasky, L.C. Exp. Hematol. (2005) [Pubmed]
Chromosome engineering: prospects for gene therapy. Grimes, B.R., Warburton, P.E., Farr, C.J. Gene Ther. (2002) [Pubmed]
Isolation and characterization of the human UGT2B15 gene, localized within a cluster of UGT2B genes and pseudogenes on chromosome 4. Turgeon, D., Carrier, J.S., Lévesque, E., Beatty, B.G., Bélanger, A., Hum, D.W. J. Mol. Biol. (2000) [Pubmed]
Cloning a fragment from the telomere of the long arm of human chromosome 9 in a YAC vector. Guerrini, A.M., Ascenzioni, F., Pisani, G., Rappazzo, G., Della Valle, G., Donini, P. Chromosoma (1990) [Pubmed]
Assembly and characterization of heterochromatin and euchromatin on human artificial chromosomes. Grimes, B.R., Babcock, J., Rudd, M.K., Chadwick, B., Willard, H.F. Genome Biol. (2004) [Pubmed]
Molecular cloning and chromosomal mapping of the human homologue of MYB binding protein (P160) 1A (MYBBP1A) to 17p13.3. Keough, R., Woollatt, E., Crawford, J., Sutherland, G.R., Plummer, S., Casey, G., Gonda, T.J. Genomics (1999) [Pubmed]
High-resolution genomic mapping of the three human replication protein A genes (RPA1, RPA2, and RPA3). Umbricht, C.B., Griffin, C.A., Hawkins, A.L., Grzeschik, K.H., O'Connell, P., Leach, R., Green, E.D., Kelly, T.J. Genomics (1994) [Pubmed]
Isolation and characterization of the human UGT2B7 gene. Carrier, J.S., Turgeon, D., Journault, K., Hum, D.W., Bélanger, A. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2000) [Pubmed]
The human glycine receptor subunit alpha3. Glra3 gene structure, chromosomal localization, and functional characterization of alternative transcripts. Nikolic, Z., Laube, B., Weber, R.G., Lichter, P., Kioschis, P., Poustka, A., Mülhardt, C., Becker, C.M. J. Biol. Chem. (1998) [Pubmed]
Human calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma gene (CAMK2G): cloning, genomic structure and detection of variants in subjects with type II diabetes. Gloyn, A.L., Desai, M., Clark, A., Levy, J.C., Holman, R.R., Frayling, T.M., Hattersley, A.T., Ashcroft, S.J. Diabetologia (2002) [Pubmed]
Artificial chromosome transgenesis in pigmentary research. Giraldo, P., Montoliu, L. Pigment Cell Res. (2002) [Pubmed]

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