Disease relevance of Language Development Disorders

• It is characterized by a non-specific neurological disorder including psychomotor retardation, language delay, seizures, hypotonia and ataxia [1].
• The most common findings in this disorder are nonprogressive ataxia, strabismus, mental retardation, and speech delay with dysarthria [2].
• We report here a nine-year-old boy possessing a simple 18q- deletion who had abnormalities of the brain, skull, face, tooth, hair, bone, and skin, plus joint laxity, tongue palsy, subtle sensoneural deafness, mental and speech delay, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tic, and restless legs syndromes [3].

Psychiatry related information on Language Development Disorders

• We describe a new creatine metabolism disorder in 2 young sisters who suffered from mental retardation and severe language delay [4].
• Phase two showed significant associations between cumulative exposures to thimerosal and the following types of NDs: unspecified developmental delay, tics, attention deficit disorder (ADD), language delay, speech delay, and neurodevelopmental delays in general [5].
• Brain morphology studies of individuals with developmental language disorders report reversed asymmetry or symmetry of the planum, although the bulk of this research has been completed on adults with dyslexia [6].
• These results suggest that children with language delay detected in a clinical setting are more likely to have been exposed in utero to cocaine than children with normal language development [7].

High impact information on Language Development Disorders

• Because decreasing sample heterogeneity would increase the power to identify genes, the effect on evidence for linkage of restricting a sample of autism-affected relative pairs to those with delayed onset (at age >36 mo) of phrase speech (PSD, for phrase speech delay) was studied [8].
• Abnormal outcomes included CP (58%), epilepsy (39%), language delay (25%), and behavioral abnormalities (22%) [9].
• Characterization of a novel cation transporter ATPase gene (ATP13A4) interrupted by 3q25-q29 inversion in an individual with language delay [10].
• Central auditory processing disorder and ADHD [11].
• FRAXE individuals have been shown to exhibit learning deficits, including speech delay, reading and writing problems [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Language Development Disorders

• Physicians caring for cocaine-exposed children with early language delay should not automatically ascribe the delay to cocaine exposure but should initiate a standard evaluation for language delay [13].
• Using high-resolution magnetic resonance morphometry, we studied 21 right-handed children with developmental language disorder of the phonologic-syntactic type, and found normal left-right asymmetry of the planum temporale and planum parietale when compared with 21 matched controls [14].
• Phenobarbital side effects: hyperactivity with speech delay [15].
• A mildly increased excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid was found in 8 children with developmental language delay [16].
• CONCLUSION: Neuronal migration defects and ensuing focal heterotopias may be causally related to developmental language disorders [17].

Biological context of Language Development Disorders

• We report a 2-year-old white girl with a de novo 46,XX,inv dup(5)(p14p15.3) chromosome constitution, who presented with motor and language delays, bilateral strabismus, small posteriorly angulated ears, a high-arched palate, mild hypotonia, and an atrial septal defect [18].
• The relationship between ADHD and central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) is examined from the perspectives of cognitive neuroscience, audiology, and neuropsychology [19].

Anatomical context of Language Development Disorders

• Temporal lobe epilepsy in children younger than 6 years of age is more frequently associated with motor components, myoclonic seizures, behavioral disorders, and speech delay [20].

Gene context of Language Development Disorders

• We examined the prevalence of the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) full mutation and fragile X E mutation (FMR2) among preschoolers evaluated for language delay [21].
• The GJB2 negative and those children not receiving GJB2 testing had motor delays, language delay, autism, specific learning disability, and attention deficit disorder [22].
• Only two of the children showed any clinical abnormality and this was limited to mild microcephaly and speech delay; the other two children found to excrete large amounts of D(+)-glycerate were healthy and developmentally normal at 7 y and 9 y of age [23].
• Moreover, one showed a severe psychomotor delay, and had previously undergone surgery due to craniosynostosis; the other two manifested a language delay [24].
• Patient 1 (2 years old) had developmental and speech delays with pervasive developmental disorder or mild autism, strabismus, and normal growth parameters with seizures [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Language Development Disorders

• These findings have raised the question of whether ADHD and central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) represent a singular disorder [26].
• CONCLUSION: The association of Chiari I malformation with epilepsy, speech delay, and mental retardation may not be a mere incidental finding but may be a marker for a different pathogenetic background [27].
• Following valproic acid treatment, her motor, cognitive, and speech delays had gradually subsided and nearly completely resolved, in concert with normalization of electroencephalography (EEG) [28].
• In the LT group, days in the intensive care unit, total number of days spent in the hospital during the first year following the transplant, and elevated pretransplant bilirubin levels significantly predicted the speech and language delays [29].
• Differential diagnosis and management of central auditory processing disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [19].

References