Disease relevance of Language Development

• Primary degeneration of the granular layer of the cerebellum is an autosomal recessive disorder exhibiting characteristic clinical features: hypotonia, strabismus, delayed motor development, nonprogressive ataxia, delayed language development with dysarthria and mental retardation [1].
• On multivariate analysis, cocaine exposure was significantly (p = 0.001) associated with lower IQ and poorer language development independent of intrauterine growth retardation and other potential confounders [2].
• To determine whether children with language delays are more likely to have been exposed to cocaine in utero than children with normal language development, a case-control study was undertaken [3].
• Epilepsy may disrupt brain functions necessary for language development by its associated intellectual disabilities or directly as a consequence of the seizure disorder [4].
• Sensorineural hearing loss is common in children with congenital hypothyroidism and should be searched for carefully and systematically to avoid difficulties related to speech and language development [5].

Psychiatry related information on Language Development

• Subjects with GJB2 mutations and those without GJB2 mutations both showed a similar tendency in speech perception, some aspects of language development, and communication methods [6].
• Children in the cohort (N=711) were evaluated for cognitive ability (McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities), language development (Preschool Language Scale), drawing and copying (Bender Gestalt Test), scholastic achievement (the Woodcock-Johnson Test of Achievement), and behavior (the Child Behavior Checklist) [7].
• Cognitive development of early treated PKU children (132) was investigated by intelligence tests, tests for visual perception, motor and language development [8].
• One of the first trials with term infants that were fed formula supplemented with DHA or both DHA and ARA evaluated growth, visual acuity (Visual Evoked Potential; Acuity Card Procedure), mental and motor development (Bayley Scales of Infant Development), and early language development (MacArthur Communicative Developmental Inventories) [9].
• (b) Tactile devices should be evaluated in studies with children who have not yet passed through the critical period for touch and language development [10].

High impact information on Language Development

• The Reynell language development scores followed a similar trend, with children exposed to phenytoin scoring significantly lower than their controls [11].
• RESULTS: Neither tricyclic antidepressants nor fluoxetine adversely affected the child's global IQ, language development, or behavior [12].
• FOXP2 is a transcription factor involved in speech and language development [13].
• Our results demonstrate that the linguistic abilities of infants with WS are not above their cognitive level and that language development in these special populations is not only delayed, but follows a different developmental trajectory [14].
• A prospective evaluation of early language development in children with in utero cocaine exposure and in control subjects [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Language Development

• Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency has predominantly neurological consequences, affecting psychomotor, speech and language development [16].
• This induction resulted in lower testosterone and estrogen levels, interfering with brain development in the vulnerable period of language development and the development of visuo-spatial abilities [17].
• However, significant language performance differences were noted between androgen- vs. estrogen-exposed patients, regardless of genetic sex or diagnosis of the patient, indicating a hormonal effect on language development over time [18].
• Mebendazole had a positive effect on motor and language development, but this was not statistically significant [19].
• Using identical procedures for children and mothers, PROP sensitivity and sucrose preferences were assessed by using forced-choice procedures that were embedded in the context of games that minimized the impact of language development and were sensitive to the cognitive limitations of pediatric populations [20].

Biological context of Language Development

• CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to tricyclic antidepressants or fluoxetine throughout gestation does not appear to adversely affect cognition, language development, or the temperament of preschool and early-school children [12].

Anatomical context of Language Development

• The topography of the brain-stem (ABR), middle latency (MLR) and cortical (ACR) evoked responses was investigated in children with normal speech and language development and those with either a language or motor speech disorder [21].

Gene context of Language Development

• The Heidelberg Language Development Test and a picture story were administered [22].
• Early speech and language development in children with velocardiofacial syndrome [23].
• While receptive language development was in the normal range, IVF infants scored lower than control infants [24].
• RESULTS: Language development prior to onset of epilepsy was retarded in 26% of patients [25].
• Proportion correct and frequency of over-regularization and zero-marking errors were compared to age-matched samples of children with specific language impairment (SLI, n=27) and with typical language development (TD, n=27) [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Language Development

• The purpose of this preliminary study was to compare the language development profiles of 5 children prenatally exposed to cocaine and associated risk factors to the language development profiles of a matched non-exposed control group in terms of analyses of the discourse-pragmatic, semantic, and form components of language [27].
• Use of Fast ForWord to enhance language development in children with cochlear implants [28].

References