Disease relevance of Alcoholism

• These observations suggest a significant role for nonpancreatic lipolytic activity (lingual lipase and gastric lipase) in fat digestion in patients with pancreatic insufficiency secondary to chronic alcohol abuse [1].
• In alcohol abuse without cirrhosis, the level of 20:3 omega 9 (20 acyl carbon atoms:3 double bonds, omega, 9 carbon atoms beyond last double bond) was significantly increased, despite adequate levels of linoleic and arachidonic acids [2].
• Acute hepatic and renal toxicity from low doses of acetaminophen in the absence of alcohol abuse or malnutrition: evidence for increased susceptibility to drug toxicity due to cardiopulmonary and renal insufficiency [3].
• This effect of ethanol may promote the development of alcoholic fatty liver and other hepatic consequences of alcohol abuse [4].
• There were no substantial differences between the ER-positive and ER-negative groups in preoperative clinical and laboratory data such as sex, age, alcohol abuse, underlying liver disease, and hepatic functions [5].

Psychiatry related information on Alcoholism

• Young people with depression in adolescence were at significantly (P<.05) increased risk of later major depression, anxiety disorders, nicotine dependence, alcohol abuse or dependence, suicide attempt, educational underachievement, unemployment, and early parenthood [6].
• METHOD: Three groups of patients--with cocaine and alcohol abuse (N = 38), alcohol abuse only (N = 38), and cocaine abuse only (N = 25)--consecutively admitted to a psychiatric and substance abuse dual-diagnosis unit were comparatively examined for the presence of current suicidal and homicidal behavior [7].
• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the 3 alcohol consumption questions from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) as a brief screening test for heavy drinking and/or active alcohol abuse or dependence [8].
• Social and simple phobias and alcohol abuse/dependence were significantly more prevalent among individuals with childhood onset MDD than among individuals with adult onset MDD [9].
• Underlying conditions included alcohol abuse in 12, intravenous drug abuse in 7, recent steroid therapy in 4, head trauma in 4, recent pregnancy in 4, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in 1 [10].

High impact information on Alcoholism

• The TWEAK and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaires had high AUROCs (0.87-0.93) for past-year alcohol abuse or dependence in black or white women, but had sensitivities less than 80% at traditional cut points [11].
• Most benzodiazepine recipients were women, but for alcohol abuse more prescriptions were written for men [12].
• Nicotine addiction and comorbidity with alcohol abuse and mental illness [13].
• A mutation in the gene encoding for the liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2-2), present in some Asian populations, lowers or abolishes the activity of this enzyme and results in elevations in blood acetaldehyde upon ethanol consumption, a phenotype that greatly protects against alcohol abuse and alcoholism [14].
• Vitamin B6 metabolism in chronic alcohol abuse The effect of ethanol oxidation on hepatic pyridoxal 5'-phosphate metabolism [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Alcoholism

• Individuals with chronic alcohol abuse frequently exhibit lowered plasma levels of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the coenzyme form of vitamin B6 [15].
• RESULTS: This assay showed that the sera of alcoholic cirrhotics contained both immunoglobulin (Ig) Gs and IgAs that recognized proteins modified by hydroxyethyl radicals, whereas practically no reaction was observed in the sera of healthy controls or cirrhotics without evidence of alcohol abuse [16].
• Motor neuron disease after enflurane/propofol anaesthesia in patient with alcohol abuse [17].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: DSM-IV alcohol dependence with and without DSM-IV alcohol abuse, assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule [18].
• 5-HT and alcohol abuse [19].

Biological context of Alcoholism

• Genetic polymorphism in ethanol metabolism: acetaldehyde contribution to alcohol abuse and alcoholism [20].
• These findings are considered in light of the epidemiology and possible consequences of cocaine and alcohol abuse [21].
• For patients without history of alcohol abuse, the correlation between disease stage, AST/ALT ratio, and platelet counts was r = 0.297, p < 0.00, and r = 0.560, p < 0.00, respectively [22].
• CYP2E1 expression was not detected in fetal liver, kidney, lung, placenta (18 weeks gestational age) or liver (6 weeks gestational age) obtained at termination of pregnancy where maternal alcohol abuse had been established [23].
• Biochemical indexes of bone metabolism, bone mineral density, and histomorphometry were evaluated in 14 male patients with noncholestatic cirrhosis due to primary hemochromatosis (six cases) or to chronic alcohol abuse (eight cases), and in 30 male controls of similar age [24].

Anatomical context of Alcoholism

• Acetaldehyde, produced in excessive amounts in alcohol abuse or after jejunoileal bypass, binds to hepatocyte plasma membranes by way of formation of an intermediate Schiff's base [25].
• Whether his mild hypersegmentation of neutrophils and neuropathy were related to the R binder deficiency or, more likely, arose from coexisting folate deficiency and alcohol abuse, the overall picture contrasts dramatically with the severe clinical sequelae of TC II deficiency [26].
• Animal studies have implicated GAL in alcohol abuse and anxiety: chronic ethanol intake increases hypothalamic GAL mRNA; high levels of stress increase GAL release in the central amygdala [27].
• Although alcohol abuse is known to cause an array of ethanol-induced red blood cell (RBC) abnormalities, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood [28].
• The level of DNA methylation and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in lymphocytes and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in plasma were used as markers of injury caused by alcohol abuse [29].

Gene context of Alcoholism

• A form of DISC1 enriched in nucleus: altered subcellular distribution in orbitofrontal cortex in psychosis and substance/alcohol abuse [30].
• The TSH and PRL responses were compared with those obtained in a group of control patients without a history of alcohol abuse [31].
• Attention should be given to immune toxicity associated with CYP3A4 autoantibodies and cases of alcohol abuse that are accompanied by exposure to drugs and substances that are CYP3A substrates [32].
• Human CRH stimulation response during acute withdrawal and after medium-term abstention from alcohol abuse [33].
• BACKGROUND: The role of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene in the development of alcohol abuse or dependence is controversial [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Alcoholism

• These results suggest that this ethanol-drinking animal model has high "predictive validity" and can be used effectively in the search for and identification of new agents for the treatment of alcohol abuse [35].
• Strategies to study human serum transferrin isoforms using integrated liquid chromatography ICPMS, MALDI-TOF, and ESI-Q-TOF detection: application to chronic alcohol abuse [36].
• We present an unusual case of a young patient with hemochromatosis, alcohol abuse, decompensated cirrhosis, and spur cell anemia who had a spontaneous resolution of the spur cell anemia after orthotopic liver transplantation [37].
• Adolescents with alcohol abuse rated themselves as less "energized" in comparison to the control group after methylphenidate (rate difference=-0.4, P=0.0231) [38].
• Residents tested for HCV in persons with: increased transaminases (83%), history of blood transfusion (46%), multiple tattoos (57%), +ANCA (16%), and alcohol abuse (31%) [39].

References