Disease relevance of Tetrachlorosalicylanilide

• These suppressor cells are antigen specific, inhibit the induction but not the elicitation of photoallergic contact dermatitis to TCSA, and are T lymphocytes [1].
• However, in contrast to the findings with allergic contact dermatitis, splenic suppressor cells are not detected in mice that are treated with UVB radiation before CY administration and sensitization to TCSA [1].
• Closantel (1), tetrachlorosalicylanilide (9), and several related derivatives (2, 7, 10, 11, 20) had antibacterial activity against the drug-resistant organisms, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) [2].
• None of the 11 mice tested showed simple contact sensitivity (CS) to TCSA [3].
• After 8 weeks' photosensitization, some mice reacted with black light (BL) irradiation alone without TCSA painting [4].

High impact information on Tetrachlorosalicylanilide

• Cell transfer experiments demonstrated that the spleens from the nonreactive mice contained suppressor T cells (Ts) that were antigen-specific and that blocked the afferent limb of contact photosensitivity to TCSA [5].
• Induction in mice of marked photoallergic contact dermatitis (PCD) to 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA) with UVA (320 to 400 nm) radiation requires pretreatment with cyclophosphamide (CY) [1].
• We have shown that murine contact photosensitivity (CPS) to 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA) is genetically controlled mainly by the major histocompatibility complex [6].
• These observations suggested that the failure in CPS of the B10 background mice stems from inability of in vivo photocoupling of TCSA to ECs, presumably due to absorption of ultraviolet radiation by melanin pigment [6].
• An in situ 3H-thymidine incorporation assay showed a significant increase in proliferative activity of cells isolated from the draining lymph nodes of mice treated with TCSA + UVA as compared to naive, vehicle, or UVA/TCSA-treated mice [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Tetrachlorosalicylanilide

• We have induced photoallergic contact dermatitis in mice to 3,3',4',5 tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA), chlorpromazine and 6-methylcoumarin [8].
• Simultaneous photoallergy to fentichlor, tetrachlorosalicylanilide and fenofibrate was registered in 74%, 40% and 73% of the patients, respectively [9].
• The potential of 3 sunscreens (p-aminobenzoic acid, 4-isopropyldibenzoylmethane and homosalate) and 2 known human photoallergens (musk ambrette and tetrachlorosalicylanilide) to cause photoallergy, phototoxicity, and/or contact sensitization was determined using a guinea pig photoallergy model, as previously described by Harber and associates [10].

Biological context of Tetrachlorosalicylanilide

• Dendritic cells isolated from mice treated 24 h earlier with TCSA + UVA, but not those from naive mice or mice treated with UVA/TCSA, were capable of TCSA-specific antigen presentation [7].
• Irrespective of their H-2 haplotypes, the C57BL/10 (B10) background strains, including B10, B10.D2, B10.A, and B10.BR, possessing black fur color, were low or nonresponders in CPS to TCSA [6].
• The proton-conducting ionophores tetrachlorosalicylanilide and carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenlyhydrazone abolished uptake and induced AIB efflux even though glycolysis and arginine catabolism continued at 60 and 140%, respectively, of control rates [11].
• Evidence for a major strong binding site for tetrachlorosalicylanilide on human serum albumin [12].
• Monensin and tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS), compounds which facilitate an influx of protons, caused a more than 2-fold increase in heat production [13].

Anatomical context of Tetrachlorosalicylanilide

• These results suggest that application and photoactivation of TCSA induces cellular and functional changes in the lymph node DC indicative of their involvement in the induction phase of a contact photoallergic reaction [7].
• The role of Langerhans cells in the induction of contact photosensitivity (CPS) to tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA) was investigated in mice [14].
• Responder lymphocytes from untreated mice or mice photosensitized with musk ambrette showed a much lower response to DC isolated from TCSA + UVA-treated mice, demonstrating the specificity of the reaction [7].
• In addition, keratinocyte expression of CD54 was also augmented by TCSA plus UVA [15].

Associations of Tetrachlorosalicylanilide with other chemical compounds

• Methanogenesis from methanol by cell suspensions of Methanosarcina barkeri was inhibited by the uncoupler tetrachlorosalicylanilide [16].
• The dechlorination in cell suspensions rather than in cell extracts was inhibited by the ionophores carbonylcyanide-p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) and tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS), indicating that a membrane potential and/or a pH gradient may be required for the reaction in vivo [17].
• The effects of the protonophore tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) and of the proton-translocating ATPase inhibitor N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (cHxN)2C were determined [18].
• Both contact (photo) allergenic (oxazolone and tetrachlorosalicylanilide) and phototoxic substances (8-methoxypsoralen and acridine) caused a dose dependent increase in lymph node weights and cell counts pointing to an inflammatory process in the lymph nodes [19].
• Photoconjugates were prepared by ultraviolet irradiation of guinea-pig albumin (GPA) with the photoallergens tetrachlorosalicylanilide (T4CS) and fentichlor [20].

Gene context of Tetrachlorosalicylanilide

• Genetic control of contact photosensitivity to tetrachlorosalicylanilide. II. Igh complex controls the sensitivity induced by photohapten-modified spleen cells but not epidermal cells [21].
• Mechanisms of contact photosensitivity in mice: I. T cell regulation of contact photosensitivity to tetrachlorosalicylanilide under the genetic restrictions of the major histocompatibility complex [22].
• However, irradiation (lambda = 356 nm) of TCSA and MNP in 0.1 N NaOH generated an ESR spectrum consisting of a broad triplet (aN = 15.6 G) [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tetrachlorosalicylanilide

• We have developed an animal model to assess the ultraviolet A (UVA) protective effect of topical sunscreens with the use of BALB/cJ mice in which contact photosensitivity to 3, 3', 4', 5 tetrachlorosalicylanilide had been induced [24].

References