Disease relevance of pantetheine

• The plant ACP expressed in E. coli contains pantetheine and approximately 50% is present in vivo as acyl-ACP [1].
• The separation of the half-molecular weight, nonidentical subunits (I and II) of the pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase complex has been achieved on a large (20 mg) scale by affinity chromatography on Sepharose epsilon-aminocaproyl pantetheine [2].
• Separate enzymes catalyze the final two steps of coenzyme A biosynthesis in Brevibacterium ammoniagenes: purification of pantetheine phosphate adenylyltransferase [3].
• The low level of endogenous fatty acid synthesis in Acholeplasma laidlawii A strain EF22 was found to be caused by a deficiency of pantetheine in the lipid-depleted growth medium [4].

High impact information on pantetheine

• The cross-linking studies further showed that the beta-ketoacyl synthase active site contains a cysteine and a pantetheine residue from adjacent subunits [5].
• Direct (rather than secondary) alkylation of thiolase by the inactivator accounts for the significant 14C incorporation into thiolase with the thioester labeled with [14C] in the pantetheine pivalate moiety [6].
• Two functional domains of coenzyme A activate catalysis by coenzyme A transferase. Pantetheine and adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-diphosphate [7].
• Measurement of distance between the active serine of the thioesterase domain and the pantetheine thiol of fatty acid synthase by fluorescence resonance energy transfer [8].
• The enzymatic hydrolysis of various pantetheine analogs indicated the enzyme had a high specificity for the pantothenate moiety but a low specificity for the cysteamine portion [9].

Biological context of pantetheine

• Aminoacylation of coenzyme A and pantetheine by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: possible link between noncoded and coded peptide synthesis [10].
• Acylation of SHc with either substrate was unaffected by the absence of the 'peripheral' SH group (SHp) while binding of acetate to SHp was dependent on enzyme-bound pantetheine (SHc) [11].
• The value of the effects of pantetheine on lipid metabolism in the prevention of atherosclerosis is pointed out [12].

Anatomical context of pantetheine

• The ability of pantetheine/pantethine to modulate the activity of HMG-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) was determined in vitro with rat liver microsomes [13].

Associations of pantetheine with other chemical compounds

• The two products of the action of this enzyme, 4'-phosphopantetheine and apo-fatty acid synthetase, were isolated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and by chromatography on a Sepharose epsilon-aminocaproyl pantetheine column, respectively [14].
• Subunit II (transacylase) contains the B1 (hydroxyl or loading) and B2 (cysteine) acyl binding sites, and acetyl- and malonyl-CoA: pantetheine transacylases [2].
• Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, a flavoprotein, catalyzes the reaction -OOCCH3CH2--CH2COSR (FAD leads to FADH2) leads to CH3CH = CHCOSR + CO2 (SR = CoA or pantetheine) [15].
• However, the latter peptide contained beta-alanine, suggesting that this peptide was from the acyl carrier protein segment of fatty acid synthase and that the iodoacetamide treatment resulted in modification of the pantetheine thiol, although to a lower extent than the primer-binding thiol [16].
• An NMR titration study was conducted and shifts in frequency of protons in the pantetheine portion of the molecule upon titration of the adenine base were observed as has been previously reported with CoA [17].

Gene context of pantetheine

• Pantetheine also serves as an amino acid acceptor in reactions catalyzed by AspRS, IleRS, and MetRS, forming corresponding aminoacyl-S-pantetheine thioesters [10].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of pantetheine

• Finally bioorthogonal pantetheine analogues were shown to target carrier proteins with high specificity in vivo and undergo chemoselective ligation to reporters in crude cell lysate [18].
• This reagent now represents a simple and convenient tool both for quantification of the pantetheine thiol and for labelling this site for peptide mapping and isolation [19].

References