Disease relevance of MARS

• Cytokine levels were measured before treatment and after the last MARS treatment in 49 acute liver failure (ALF) and 32 acute decompensation of chronic liver disease (AcOChr) patients who were mainly considered for liver transplantation [1].
• Treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: lessons from the MARS trial [2].
• It is concluded that the MARS method can contribute to the treatment of critically ill patients with liver failure and different underlying diseases [3].
• Aneurysms in relatives of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: frequency and risk factors. MARS Study Group. Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Relatives of patients with Subarachnoid hemorrhage [4].
• Reversal of severe cholestasis caused by chronic graft-versus-host disease with the MARS liver-support device [5].

Psychiatry related information on MARS

• The results of applying the framework indicate that MARS incerases the cost of diagnostic radiology 2.3 per cent, significantly decreases report response time, and successfully performs the film management function [6].
• In this case MARS treatment was successful in supporting the patient through the most critical period of ALF [7].
• Thirteen patients suffering from life threatening hepatic failure who had not responded to state of the art therapy were treated with this device, the molecular adsorbent recycling system (MARS) [8].

High impact information on MARS

• The polar regions on Mars have distinctive morphologic and climatologic features: thick layered deposits, seasonal CO2 frost caps extending to mid latitudes, and near-polar residual frost deposits that survive the summer [9].
• Most of what is currently known about multi-ring basins is based on remote studies of the Moon and, to a lesser extent, Mars and Mercury [10].
• Seasonal variations of snow depth on Mars [11].
• Mass-independent isotopic compositions have been observed in O3, CO2, N2O, and CO in Earth's atmosphere and in carbonate from a martian meteorite, which suggests a role for mass-independent processes in the atmosphere of Mars [12].
• Molecular hydrogen is strongly depleted in deuterium relative to water on Mars because of the very long lifetime of H2 (1200 years) [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of MARS

• In a 22-month period, strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and multiple aminoglycosides, (designated MARS) were recovered from 108 inpatients with nosocomial infections at a hospital in the midwestern United States. Sixty-six of these patients were staying in a burn unit, and 42 were on other hospital wards [14].
• The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of a single treatment with the molecular adsorbents recirculating system (MARS) on systemic hemodynamics and oxygen consumption (VO(2)) in patients with hyperacute liver failure (HALF) [15].
• Treatment of phenytoin toxicity by the molecular adsorbents recirculating system (MARS) [16].
• In 25 patients (median age, 36.3 years, range, 22-67 years, bilirubin level > 255 micro mol/l) admitted with liver failure based on HBV, the 6-8h MARS intermittent treatments were performed without any adverse events, A significant decrease in bilirubin, ammonia and urea levels were observed (P < 0.05) [17].
• CONCLUSIONS: MARS enables an elevation of a pathologically decreased Fischer's Index as well as a reduction of systemic tryptophan levels in patients with liver failure [18].

Biological context of MARS

• The correlation between the presence of the human form of methioninyl -tRNA synthetase and human chromosome 12 in temperature-resistant hybrids indicates that the human MARS locus is located on this chromosome [19].
• Analysis of MetRS mutant enzymes revealed that the HTH motif is more specifically endowed with a tRNA-sequestering activity and confers on MetRS a rate-limiting dissociation of aminoacylated tRNA [20].
• A composite 2779-bp cDNA that encodes human cytoplasmic methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) has been constructed from partial cDNA clones derived from the gastric carcinoma cell line EPG85-257RNOV and the nucleotide sequence has been determined [21].
• This study evaluates the acute effects of albumin dialysis, using the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS), on portal pressure in AH [22].
• The present study was designed to determine the effect of MARS on the cytokine profile, oxidative stress, nitric oxide, and ammonia [23].

Anatomical context of MARS

• In vitro heat-inactivation experiments on the methioninyl -tRNA synthetase activity in cell-free extracts from heat-resistant hybrids indicate that the human form of this enzyme and, therefore, the human MARS gene is present in hybrid cells [19].
• Like BECAIT, analyses of data from the NHLBI type II study, CLAS, POSCH and MARS provide evidence for the role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the progression of coronary artery disease [24].
• The nuclear matrix or scaffold that can be prepared and investigated in vitro has an affinity for distinct topological forms of DNA and for sequences that permit the induction of such a topology by their association with a corresponding set of proteins (so-called matrix- or scaffold-attached regions, S/MARS) [25].
• In conclusion, MARS significantly improves central nervous system functions [26].
• MARS treatment was started as early as possible in order to prevent or retard the development of hepatocyte necrosis [27].

Associations of MARS with chemical compounds

• CONCLUSION: Pre-operative SOFA, level of creatinine, INR, TNF-alpha, IL-10 are the main preoperative risk factors that cause early death after operation, MARS treatment before transplantation can relieve these factors significantly [28].
• SPAD induced a significantly greater reduction in bilirubin levels than MARS [29].
• Six- to 8-h MARS treatments resulted in significant (P < 0.05) removal of bilirubin, bile acids, tryptophan, short- and middle-chain fatty acids, aromatic amino acids, and ammonia [3].
• Rofecoxib-induced cholestatic hepatitis: treatment with molecular adsorbent recycling system (MARS) [30].
• In conclusion, systemic hemodynamic values tend to normalize, whereas systemic VO(2) decreases during MARS treatment in patients with HALF [15].

Other interactions of MARS

• Interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alfa were determined immediately before and after the first MARS therapy and after the last session using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [31].
• The cocrystal structure of the class I glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase with tRNAGln revealed an uncoupling of the first (1.72) base pair of tRNAGln, and tRNAMet was proposed by others to have a similar base-pair uncoupling when bound to methionyl-tRNA synthetase [32].
• MARS treatment for a patient presenting with acquired hepatic glutamine synthetase deficiency after orthotopic liver transplantation [33].
• Conclusion: Albumin dialysis with the first generation of MARS enables the removal of albumin bound and water soluble toxins [34].
• Beneficial effects of terlipressin on circulating nitrate and nitrite concentrations, haemodynamic status, plasma renin levels and indocyanine green clearance were comparable to those of the molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of MARS

• When operating MARS in continuous veno-venous hemodialysis mode, as recommended by the manufacturer, no significant differences in the removal of bilirubin, bile acids, urea, and creatinine were found [29].
• The detoxification capacities of single-pass albumin dialysis (SPAD), the molecular adsorbents recirculation system, (MARS) and continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) were compared in vitro [29].
• Further advances in the MARS components will definitively state whether albumin dialysis may represent the future in the field of artificial liver devices [36].
• MARS dialysis in the state of chronic rejection in a liver transplant recipient [37].
• Cardiac index decreased by 20% from 4.6 +/- 1.8 to 3.7 +/- 1.1 L/min x m(-2) (P =.0007) in the MARS group and by 7% in the control group [15].

References