Disease relevance of tartaric acid

• Chemotherapy with trivalent potassium antimony tartrate (PAT) and, more importantly, pentavalent antimony-carbohydrate complexes, such as sodium stibogluconate (SSG), has been reported to prolong the QT interval and produce life-threatening arrhythmias [1].
• If therapy is required, then Schistosoma mansoni infections are treated with stibophen and S. japonicum with antimony potassium tartrate, taking care in both of these instances to watch for the early signs of antimony toxicity; therapy of S. haematobium infections is based on administration of niridazole.. [2].
• To this end, we have analyzed a metal-resistant variant of the human lung cancer GLC4 cell line that we have selected by a step-wise procedure in potassium antimony tartrate [3].
• Pure cultures of an aerobically grown Flavobacterium sp. were shown by hydride generation-cold trap-atomic absorption spectrometry to biomethylate inorganic antimony (III) supplied as potassium antimony tartrate [4].
• Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (127-135 g body weight, 15 animals per group) were exposed to a soluble trivalent antimony salt, potassium antimony tartrate, in drinking water at concentrations of 0.5, 5, 50 and 500 ppm for 13 wk [5].

High impact information on tartaric acid

• Two ovarian and two head and neck carcinoma cell lines selected for DDP resistance were found to be cross-resistant to antimony potassium tartrate, which contains trivalent antimony [6].
• Deletion of FPS1 improves tolerance to arsenite and potassium antimonyl tartrate [7].
• These cells demonstrated significantly increased sensitivity to the high affinity MRP substrates vincristine, doxorubicin, sodium arsenate and potassium antimony tartrate, but not to the poor MRP substrates, taxol or cisplatin [8].
• Macrophages concentrated antimony from the medium with potassium antimony tartrate, trivalent antimony-mannan, and pentavalent antimony-mannan treatments [9].
• By transfecting cosmid banks and selecting with potassium antimonyl tartrate (SbIII), we have isolated a cosmid associated with resistance [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of tartaric acid

• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis by cell of E. coli B from either the maximum stationary phase or the exponential phase are inhibited by 3.62 mM of bilharcid or 16.81 mM of tartar-emetic immediately upon addition of the inhibitor [11].
• Tartar emetic (potassium antimony tartrate) has been used since a long time as the drug of choice for the treatment of Bilharziasis in Egypt. This drug, though effective, has severe side effects [12].

Biological context of tartaric acid

• Potassium antimonyl tartrate induces caspase- and reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis in lymphoid tumoral cells [13].
• Trivalent antimony, delivered as potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT), has been previously shown to induce an oxidative stress and toxicity in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes [14].
• Using axenic amastigotes resistant to potassium antimonyl tartrate (Sb(III)) we investigated the modulation of antimonyl resistance during the in vitro life cycle [15].
• Trivalent antimony (SB3+) in the form of potassium antimony tartrate was found to be an inhibitor of glutathione-S-transferases (GST) from human erythrocytes with a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 0.05 mM [16].
• The LD50 for i.p. potassium antimonyl tartrate was determined to be 54.6 mg/kg in mice, with a 95% confidence range of 48.4 to 61.7 mg/kg [17].

Anatomical context of tartaric acid

• Cardiac myocytes were exposed to concentrations of potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT) ranging from 1 to 1000 microM for 1 to 24 hr [18].
• Recombinant PFK is more sensitive to inhibition by the trivalent antimonials, antimony potassium tartrate and Stibophen, than is the mammalian heart muscle enzyme [19].
• Potassium antimonyl tartrate induces reactive oxygen species-related apoptosis in human myeloid leukemic HL60 cells [20].
• When T-cell deprived CBA mice, infected with Schistosoma mansoni, were treated orally with potassium antimony tartrate, the reduction in size of their worm burdens was less than in similarly treated, immunologically-intact animals [21].
• In an earlier study, we observed a marked accumulation of antimony in erythrocytes of rats administered potassium antimony tartrate (Sb) in drinking water [22].

Associations of tartaric acid with other chemical compounds

• Resistance to antimony potassium tartrate and arsenite was of a similar magnitude (3-7-fold), whereas the level of resistance to DDP was greater (17-fold), irrespective of whether the cells were selected by exposure to DDP or to antimony potassium tartrate [6].
• Leishmania grown in axenic culture were treated with either potassium antimony tartrate [Sb(III)] or sodium stibogluconate [Sb(V)] [23].
• Amplification of the ABC transporter gene PGPA and increased trypanothione levels in potassium antimonyl tartrate (SbIII) resistant Leishmania tarentolae [24].
• Studies on the association of 2-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid and antimony potassium tartrate: chiral recognition and prediction of absolute configuration by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [25].
• RU486, when used at 10 microM, a concentration close to plasma concentrations achievable in humans, strongly enhanced the sensitivity of GLC4/Sb30 cells towards two known cytotoxic substrates of MRP, the anticancer drug vincristine and the heavy metal salt potassium antimonyl tartrate [26].

Gene context of tartaric acid

• Effects of potassium antimony tartrate on rat erythrocyte phosphofructokinase activity [22].
• The effects of praziquantel on cellular and humoral immune responses were studied in Swiss Albino mice and compared with the effects of potassium antimony tartrate [27].
• In the laboratory study, polished and etched bovine enamel specimens were stained for 4 days with a coffee, tea, and mucin, Sarcina lutea tartox culture in trypticase soy broth [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of tartaric acid

• The association of (+)- and (-)-2-THC with antimony potassium tartrate K(2)[Sb(2)(L or D-tart)(2)] was studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) [25].
• 3. All of the species showed vigorous vomiting behavior after the oral administration of either copper sulfate or antimonyl potassium tartrate [29].
• Comparative toxicity and tissue distribution of antimony potassium tartrate in rats and mice dosed by drinking water or intraperitoneal injection [30].

References