Disease relevance of Flavobacterium

• Based on single-cell observations, similar models have been proposed to operate in the unrelated gliding bacteria Flavobacterium johnsoniae (formerly Cytophaga johnsonae), Cytophaga strain U67, and Flexibacter polymorphus (a filamentous glider) [1].
• 6-Aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase (EII), responsible for the degradation of nylon-6 industry by-products, and its analogous enzyme (EII') that has only approximately 0.5% of the specific activity toward the 6-aminohexanoate-linear dimer, are encoded on plasmid pOAD2 of Arthrobacter sp. (formerly Flavobacterium sp.) KI72 [2].
• Molecular cloning of the heparin/heparan sulfate delta 4,5 unsaturated glycuronidase from Flavobacterium heparinum, its recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, and biochemical determination of its unique substrate specificity [3].
• Zeaxanthin was derived from Sphingobacterium multivorum (basonym Flavobacterium) [4].
• Parathion hydrolases have been previously described for an American isolate of Pseudomonas diminuta and a Philippine isolate of Flavobacterium sp. (ATCC 27551) [5].

High impact information on Flavobacterium

• Flavobacterium sp. KI72 metabolizes 6-aminohexanoic acid cyclic dimer, a by-product of nylon manufacture, through two newly evolved enzymes, 6-aminohexanoic acid cyclic dimer hydrolase (EI) and 6-aminohexanoic acid linear oligomer hydrolase (EII) [6].
• Reductions of lipoprotein lipase binding to endothelial cells and of cell surface-associated [3S]glycosaminoglycans in 35S-prelabeled cells occurred in parallel both when cells were pretreated with crude Flavobacterium heparinum enzyme before lipoprotein lipase binding and when cells were treated with this enzyme after lipoprotein lipase binding [7].
• Incubation of lung tissue with Flavobacterium heparinum enzyme or with chondroitinase has shown that ABM anionic sites represent heparan sulfate proteoglycans, whereas CBM anionic sites contain this and other sulfated proteoglycans [8].
• It was suggested that plasmid-encoded 6-amino hexanoic acid linear oligomer hydrolase that suddenly endowed Flavobacterium sp. K172 with the capacity to live off nylon by-products arose by the above mechanism [9].
• The heparin/heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfatase from Flavobacterium heparinum. Molecular cloning, recombinant expression, and biochemical characterization [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Flavobacterium

• Purification and characterization of heparin lyases from Flavobacterium heparinum [11].
• A chondroitinase that acts upon chondroitin sulfate C and hyaluronic acid was isolated from Flavobacterium heparinum [12].
• Identification of distinct endoglycosidase (endo) activities in Flavobacterium meningosepticum: endo F1, endo F2, and endo F3. Endo F1 and endo H hydrolyze only high mannose and hybrid glycans [13].
• Similar to the heparinase I from Flavobacterium heparinum, heparinase III also degrades heparin to mainly disaccharide fragments [14].
• Proline-specific endopeptidase from Flavobacterium. Purification and properties [15].

Biological context of Flavobacterium

• We have derived oligosaccharides from the capsular polysaccharide of type III group B Streptococcus by enzymatic hydrolysis of a specific backbone glycosidic bond utilizing an endo-beta-galactosidase from Flavobacterium keratolyticus [16].
• Toll-like receptor 4-MD-2 complex mediates the signal transduction induced by flavolipin, an amino acid-containing lipid unique to Flavobacterium meningosepticum [17].
• Nucleotide sequence of the isopenicillin N synthase gene (pcbC) of the gram negative Flavobacterium sp. SC 12,154 [18].
• JTP-4819 ((S)-2-[[(S)-2-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl]-N- phenylmethyl)-1-pyrrolidinecarboxamide) is a potent (IC50: 0.83 +/- 0.09 nM in rat brain supernatant; 5.43 +/- 0.81 nM in Flavobacterium meningosepticum) and specific inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) [19].
• The growth kinetics of Flavobacterium sp. strain S12 specialized in the utilization of glycerol, and a number of oligo- and polysaccharides were determined in batch-culture experiments at 15 degrees C in pasteurized tap water supplied with very low amounts of substrates [20].

Gene context of Flavobacterium

• In this study, we also found that the TLR4/MD-2 complex, together with CD14, mediated signal transduction induced by flavolipin, an amino acid-containing lipid unique to Flavobacterium meningosepticum [21].
• The primary structure of Endo-A exhibited significant homology with FO1F.10 gene product from Caenorhabditis elegans and weak homology with peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase from Flavobacterium meningosepticum and chitinase from Streptomyces olivaceoviridis [22].
• On the basis of results obtained from the morphology of this bacteria and its colony, from biochemical tests, and from the G-C mole percentage in DNA, the bacteria was identified as Flavobacterium farinofermentans nov. sp. (Meng, Z. and Wang, D.) [23].
• Relationship between gyrA mutations and quinolone resistance in Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates [24].
• Phylogenetic analysis indicated that isoamylases from maize and rice are more closely related to a number of glgX gene products of the blue green alga Synechocystis and various bacteria than to isoamylases from Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Flavobacterium

• Porcine intestinal heparin was extensively digested with Flavobacterium heparinase and size-fractionated by gel chromatography [26].
• Heparinase II from Flavobacterium heparinum. Role of cysteine in enzymatic activity as probed by chemical modification and site- directed mutagenesis [27].
• The intracellular low-molecular-weight thiols present in five gram-positive Streptomyces species and one Flavobacterium species were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography after fluorescence labeling with monobromobimane [28].
• Biochemical assignment of the individual gene products was done by HPLC analysis of the carotenoid accumulation in Escherichia coli host strains transformed with plasmids carrying deletions of the Flavobacterium sp. strain R1534 carotenoid biosynthesis cluster [29].
• Sequence analysis suggests that transcriptional control of the Flavobacterium sp. iam gene is mediated through the product of a malT regulatory gene [30].

References