Disease relevance of Schistosoma

• Here, we show that IL-13 receptor (R)alpha2 is a critical down-regulatory factor of IL-13-mediated tissue fibrosis induced by the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni [1].
• Using a model of Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced hypersensitivity granulomas, we have delineated the in vivo effects of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (CO) and lipoxygenase (LO) pathways on granuloma development and granuloma macrophage I-region-associated (Ia) antigen expression [2].
• METHODS: Thrombomodulin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera from patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, Schistosoma mansoni infection, and infectious diarrhea and controls [3].
• The Schistosoma mansoni glutathione S-transferase (Sm28GST) fused to FHA was detected at the cell surface and in the culture supernatants of recombinant B. pertussis [4].
• To investigate the role of anaphylactic immune responses in protective immunity against schistosomiasis, mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni were treated with neutralizing mAb antibodies against either IL-5 or IL-4 before and during challenge infection [5].

Psychiatry related information on Schistosoma

• Electrical stimulation and oxamniquine effect the motor activity of isolated Schistosoma mansoni [6].
• Poor patient compliance reduces the efficacy of metrifonate treatment of Schistosoma haematobium in Somalia [7].

High impact information on Schistosoma

• The homologous protein from Schistosoma mansoni, SPRM1, also associates covalently with coexpressed h4F2hc glycoprotein, although it induces amino-acid transport of different substrate specificity [8].
• We have previously reported the production of a rat monoclonal IgG2a antibody against Schistosoma mansoni which exhibits marked cytoxicity for schistosomula in the presence of eosinophils and a high degree of protection by passive transfer in naive rats [9].
• Serotonin-activated adenylate cyclase during early development of Schistosoma mansoni [10].
• Consistent with these biochemical defects, Itk-/- mice did not generate effective TH2 responses when challenged with Schistosoma mansoni eggs [11].
• Development of secondary pulmonary granulomata in response to Schistosoma mansoni eggs was blunted in MCP-1(-/-) mice, as was expression of IL-4, IL-5, and interferon gamma in splenocytes [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Schistosoma

• Functional angiotensin II receptors on macrophages from isolated liver granulomas of murine Schistosoma mansoni [13].
• Macrophage function in the Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced pulmonary granuloma. Role of arachidonic acid metabolites in macrophage Ia antigen expression [14].
• Lung granuloma formation generated in mice by embolization of Schistosoma mansoni eggs was markedly suppressed by treatment with the stable, functional analog of prostaglandin E, (PGE1), (15-(S)-15-methyl PGE1) while treatment with PGF2 alpha augmented the granulomatous response [15].
• This paper reports the crystal structure of the Schistosoma haematobium 28 kDa glutathione S-transferase, a multifunctional enzyme involved in host-parasite interactions and presently considered as a promising vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis [16].
• Furthermore, inhibitors of oxidative metabolism and arginine supplementation did not prevent this toxicity, suggesting that the mechanism of microfilarial damage differs from that seen with another multicellular helminth, Schistosoma mansoni [17].

Biological context of Schistosoma

• Acquisition of murine major histocompatibility complex gene products by schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni [18].
• Downregulation of Th1 cytokine production accompanies induction of Th2 responses by a parasitic helminth, Schistosoma mansoni [19].
• Gene expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 and extracellular matrix proteins in murine Schistosoma mansoni infection [20].
• Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits interferon gamma-induced macrophage activation for cytotoxicity against larvae of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni by suppressing production of the toxic effector molecule nitric oxide (NO) [21].
• Studies with double cytokine-deficient mice reveal that highly polarized Th1- and Th2-type cytokine and antibody responses contribute equally to vaccine-induced immunity to Schistosoma mansoni [22].

Anatomical context of Schistosoma

• In murine models of Schistosoma mansoni infection, egg production is associated with a switch from T helper cell (Th)1- to Th2-type responses to both schistosome-specific and unrelated antigens [23].
• Dose-dependent increases in tumors of the forestomach and lymphatic tissues were observed in all groups receiving SQ18506 including mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni [24].
• Schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni use lysophosphatidylcholine to lyse adherent human red blood cells and immobilize red cell membrane components [25].
• Major histocompatibility complex products restrict the adherence of cytolytic T lymphocytes to minor histocompatibility antigens or to trinitrophenyl determinants on schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni [26].
• Sequence analysis revealed that CO-029 belongs to a family of cell surface antigens that includes the melanoma-associated antigen ME491, the leukocyte cell surface antigen CD37, and the Sm23 antigen of the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni [27].

Associations of Schistosoma with chemical compounds

• Carcinogenic effects of niridazole on rodents infected with Schistosoma mansoni [28].
• Experimental biharzial bladder cancer: tryptophan metabolism in nonhuman primates experimentally infected with Schistosoma haematobium [29].
• Effect of SQ 14225, an inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme, on the granulomatous response to Schistosoma mansoni eggs in mice [30].
• Streptozotocin- and alloxan-induced diabetic mice and db/db genetically determined diabetic mice showed reductions in the areas of inflammation around Schistosoma mansoni eggs injected into the pulmonary vasculature of 68, 70, 77%, respectively [31].
• Hycanthone dose-response in Schistosoma mansoni infection in Kenya [32].

Gene context of Schistosoma

• However, it was unexpectedly found that mice with targeted deletion of the P-selectin gene (PsKO mice) developed unpolarized type 1/type 2 cytokine responses and severely aggravated liver pathology following infection with the type 2-promoting pathogen Schistosoma mansoni [33].
• Mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni develop polarized Th2 responses in which Th1 responses are prevented by IL-10-mediated suppression of IL-12 production [34].
• In this study, we examined the role of TGF-beta in IL-13-dependent liver fibrosis caused by Schistosoma mansoni infection [35].
• The folding of the peptide chain is very similar to that of Schistosoma mansoni and previous yeast hexokinase models despite only 30% sequence identity between them [36].
• This work concerns the functional characterization of SER, the EGF-R-like molecule previously identified in the helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Schistosoma

• Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase from the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni [38].
• Vaccination routes that fail to elicit protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni induce the production of TGF-beta, which down-regulates macrophage antiparasitic activity [39].
• Due to the lack of de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) is an essential enzyme in the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni for supplying guanine nucleotides and has been proposed as a potential target for antiparasitic chemotherapy [40].
• Intranasal administration of a Schistosoma mansoni glutathione S-transferase-cholera toxoid conjugate vaccine evokes antiparasitic and antipathological immunity in mice [41].
• The major egg glycoprotein (MEG) of Schistosoma mansoni was purified by ion-exchange chromatography of glycoprotein fraction obtained from soluble egg antigen (SEA) by lectin affinity chromatography [42].

References