Disease relevance of Schistosomiasis

• Finally, IL-13 was revealed as a potent mediator of tissue fibrosis in both schistosomiasis and asthma, which indicates that it is a key regulator of the extracellular matrix [1].
• Sera from individuals seropositive for HIV-1, but without schistosomiasis, that reacted with the vif peptide also recognized a 170-kD S. mansoni protein [2].
• Successful renal transplantation followed by niridazole treatment of the schistosomiasis induced a transient relapse of renal dysfunction with proteinuria and a fall in serum complement [3].
• In mice with schistosomiasis, the incorporation of proline into collagen occurs within liver granulomas [4].
• Studies of murine schistosomiasis reveal interleukin-13 blockade as a treatment for established and progressive liver fibrosis [5].

High impact information on Schistosomiasis

• Letter: Schistosomiasis, immunosuppression and niridazole [6].
• Role of the parasite-derived prostaglandin D2 in the inhibition of epidermal Langerhans cell migration during schistosomiasis infection [7].
• CD4+ T cell-mediated granulomatous pathology in schistosomiasis is downregulated by a B cell-dependent mechanism requiring Fc receptor signaling [8].
• Propranolol ameliorates the development of portal-systemic shunting in a chronic murine schistosomiasis model of portal hypertension [9].
• Antiidiotype (31-3B6) was generated in rabbits using a protective murine monoclonal antibody 31-3B6 which recognizes a 68,000-D molecular mass glycoprotein present in extracts of Schistosomiasis mansoni adult worm homogenetics [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Schistosomiasis

• We investigated the immunosuppressive effects of the standard antihelminthic regimen of niridazole (25 mg/kg/day for seven days) in five patients with schistosomiasis [11].
• Manson's schistosomiasis in Brazil: 11-year evaluation of successful disease control with oxamniquine [12].
• Integration of schistosomiasis control into primary health care services in The Gambia required semiliterate health workers to administer praziquantel and metrifonate to the community in doses based on weight [13].
• Conversion of arginine to proline in murine schistosomiasis [14].
• Alteration of the granulomatous response in murine schistosomiasis by the chronic administration of captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme [15].

Biological context of Schistosomiasis

• Our results demonstrate that IL-10 can play a critical role in the generation of accessory cells that, by virtue of down-regulation of costimulatory molecules, may be capable of inducing anergy in T cells mediating the vigorous granulomatous response of acute stage schistosomiasis [16].
• Th cells within the granulomas of murine schistosomiasis mansoni produce IL-5, which is essential for granuloma eosinophil growth and development [17].
• Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and the host-parasite relation in murine schistosomiasis mansoni [18].
• During murine schistosomiasis, egg-derived glycoconjugates play a key role in skewing the immune response towards a Th2 phenotype [19].
• Amino acid sequence analysis of S. mansoni p-42 showed that it consists predominantly of glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenase (G3PDH), which has been shown to be preferentially recognized by the sera of Brazilian subjects resistant to schistosomiasis mansoni [20].

Anatomical context of Schistosomiasis

• BACKGROUND: In 1992 two US Peace Corps volunteers (PCVs) developed central nervous system schistosomiasis due to infection with Schistosoma haematobium following recreational water exposure at Cape Maclear on Lake Malawi, an African lake considered by many to be free of schistosomiasis [21].
• In schistosomiasis mansoni, parasite eggs precipitate an intrahepatic granulomatous and fibrosing inflammatory process, which is mediated by, and dependent on, MHC class II-restricted CD4 T helper (Th) lymphocytes specific for schistosome egg antigens (SEA) [22].
• IL-4 regulates VIP receptor subtype 2 mRNA (VPAC2) expression in T cells in murine schistosomiasis [23].
• We have characterized spleen- and granuloma-derived eosinophils based on cellular activation and cytokine production during the development of murine schistosomiasis [24].
• Fibroblast stimulation in schistosomiasis. XI. Purification to apparent homogeneity of fibroblast-stimulating factor-1, an acidic heparin-binding growth factor produced by schistosomal egg granulomas [25].

Gene context of Schistosomiasis

• Using murine schistosomiasis, we evaluated whether SPr expression was subject to immunoregulation [26].
• Our data show that most aspects of the Th2 response in murine schistosomiasis are highly dependent on IL-4 production [27].
• We investigated whether SP affects lymphokine secretion in murine schistosomiasis [28].
• These data, in addition to our knockout studies, demonstrate that TIMP-1/TIMP-2 play no essential role in fibrogenesis in schistosomiasis [29].
• Here, we demonstrate the differential regulation of NOS-2 and arginase type 1 (Arg-1) by type 1/type 2 cytokines in vivo and for the first time show a critical role for arginase in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Schistosomiasis

• Radioallergosorbent tests for specific IgE antibodies to Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni were positive in 82 and 72%, respectively, of sera from 136 African schistosomiasis patients [31].
• This glycoprotein was consistently and highly reactive serologically with a serum pool from schistosomiasis haematobia patients by a Farr-type radioimmunoassay (RIA) [32].
• We generated IL-10/recombination-activating gene (RAG)2-deficient mice and dissected the role of T cell- and non-T cell-derived IL-10 in schistosomiasis by performing adoptive transfers [33].
• In a case-control study based in two areas of Kenya, hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni was shown to be linked with low levels of IL-5 and with correspondingly high IFN-gamma, TNF, and circulating soluble TNF receptor I (sTNFR-I), sTNFR-II, and sICAM-1 [34].
• Defining a schistosomiasis vaccination strategy - is it really Th1 versus Th2 [35]?

References