Disease relevance of tartaric acid

• The high incidence of HCV infection in Egypt--the legacy left from the mass use of tartar emetic to eradicate schistosomiasis, as in other high prevalence areas--will take years to reduce [1].
• The density of the Ebola virion was approx. 1.14g/ml in potassium tartrate [2].
• Biochemical analysis showed that the syn- P2 population produced particles that banded at two different densities in potassium tartrate gradients; both densities were less than those of the standard laboratory measles virus and the syn+ virus [3].
• A purification scheme for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus utilizing rate-zonal centrifugation in a 10-40% potassium tartrate gradient was described [4].
• Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) preparations from mouse embryo fibroblasts and from infected salivary glands were purified on potassium tartrate density gradients and examined by electron microscopy [5].

Psychiatry related information on tartaric acid

• Antimony toxicity from the use of tartar emetic for the treatment of alcohol abuse [6].
• In the second organoleptic study, a dentifrice containing 65% baking soda demonstrated significantly greater ability to reduce breath odor than a standard sodium fluoride/silica tartar control dentifrice, but did not differ significantly from a standard dentifrice containing 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate in a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate base [7].

High impact information on tartaric acid

• Mapacalcine was ineffective on T-type and L-type Ca2+ currents present on rat portal vein myocytes [Morel, Drobecq, Sautière, Tartar, Mironneau, Qar, Lavie, and Hugues (1997) Mol. Pharmacol. 51, 1042-1052] [8].
• In an Italian case-control study of oral cancer, number of missing teeth and other aspects of dental care were similar, but the general condition of the mouth, as indicated by gum bleeding, tartar deposits and mucosal irritation, was worse among oral cancer cases than controls [9].
• Nonetheless, by pursuing an embryological approach toward morphogenesis in a highly regulative ciliate, Tartar uncovered relational aspects of pattern-determination; this, in my view, delineates the major problem that we must solve to gain understanding of intracellular patterning [10].
• LpxA from the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli and crystallized at 297 K using ammonium sulfate and sodium/potassium tartrate as precipitants in the presence of a detergent [11].
• Circumoral dermatitis and cheilitis caused by tartar control dentifrices [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of tartaric acid

• Fluoride and potassium availability in a new dentifrice that treats hypersensitivity and controls tartar [13].
• No significant differences in the number of cells with chromosomal aberrations were generally observed among the 6, 24, and 48 hours of the acute treatment with both tartar emetic and bilharcid [14].
• The densities of purified herpes simplex virus (HSV) particles prepared from infected rabbit lung (ZP) and baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells were investigated in potassium tartrate (PT) and potassium citrate (PC) density gradients [15].

Biological context of tartaric acid

• CONCLUSION: Potassium citrate and potassium tartrate were more effective than other potassium salts in blocking nerve conduction and may be more effective dentinal desensitising agents [16].
• Action potential conduction block of nerves in vitro by potassium citrate, potassium tartrate and potassium oxalate [16].
• The bioavailability of potassium from orally administered potassium tartrate was evaluated in 20 normal subjects under metabolic balance conditions [17].
• The effects of tartar emetic and bilharcid, two antimonial antibilharzial drugs, on the chromosomes of laboratory rats are studied [14].
• OBJECTIVE: The anticaries properties of a silica-based, sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpaste containing tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (PPi) with anti-tartar properties (Aquafresh All Tartar Control) were assessed in specific pathogen-free Osborne-Mendel rats [18].

Anatomical context of tartaric acid

• Viral antigen (NADL strain) was grown in a pig kidney cell line (PK15), and after removal of nuclear debris, was purified by ultracentrifugation through a potassium tartrate cushion [19].
• Evaluation of tartar control dentifrices in in vitro models of dentin sensitivity [20].
• A wild-type measles virus was radiolabeled during growth in VERO cells and purified by two successive potassium tartrate gradient centrifugations [21].
• Interruption of one or more of these factors produces significant changes in the oral cavity, leading to collection of debris and formation of plaque, tartar, dental caries, and periodontal disease [22].

Associations of tartaric acid with other chemical compounds

• Thirteen healthy subjects were fed 120 g sun-dried raisins/d or 5 g cream of tartar (equivalent to the tartaric acid in 120 g sun-dried raisins)/d for 9 weeks, divided into 3-week cycles [23].
• The NADL strain of BVDV was plaque purified 3 times, concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation, and purified by centrifugation to equilibrium in continuous potassium tartrate density-gradients [24].
• When this preparation was centrifuged to equilibrium in density gradients of potassium tartrate or sucrose, radioactivity was distributed over the density range 1.218 to 1.180 with a pronounced peak at around 1.195 [25].
• In vitro studies on the use of penicillamine with tartar emetic against Schistosoma mansoni worms [26].
• CONCLUSION: It is thus apparent that Aquafresh All Tartar Control, an anti-tartar NaF toothpaste, retains the anticaries benefit of a USP reference standard NaF toothpaste in vivo [18].

Gene context of tartaric acid

• The order of efficacy was Colgate Total, Crest regular, Crest Tartar, Colgate regular, Colgate 0-6 gel and water [27].
• Optic atrophy following repeated courses of tartar emetic for the treatment of bilharziasis [28].
• BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and schistosomiasis are major public health problems in the Nile Delta of Egypt. To control schistosomiasis, mass treatment campaigns using tartar emetic injections were conducted in the 1960s through 1980s [29].
• Colgate Simply White Toothpaste provides other oral health benefits that have become the cost-of-entry into the toothpaste market: caries protection, tartar control, fresh breath, and a preferred flavor [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of tartaric acid

• The purification procedure included zonal centrifugation through a 5 to 30% dextran t-10 gradient, followed by equilibrium centrifugation in a 5 to 50% potassium tartrate gradient [31].
• The interfering particles have been purified by potassium tartrate linear gradient centrifugation and have buoyant densities of 1.15 g/ml (M particle) and 1.06 g/ml (L particle) respectively [32].
• In Western blot analyses with potassium tartrate-purified virions, a 60-kDa polypeptide reacted with the rabbit antisera [33].
• Equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in potassium tartrate showed no density changes in inactivated virus [34].
• Subsequent chemical investigations performed with a fragment of a used dental prosthesis revealed strong adsorption of persulfate, both on the resin and on the dental tartar [35].

References