Disease relevance of azulene

• Previous study showed that the cosmetic ingredient chemical azulene and its derivative gauiazulene exhibited photomutagenicity four- to five-fold higher than spontaneous mutation in Salmonella typhimurium TA102 [1].
• In this study, phototoxicity including photogenotoxicity of azulene in human Jurkat T-cells is reported [1].
• Gargling with sodium azulene sulfonate reduces the postoperative sore throat after intubation of the trachea [2].
• Azulene analogs of pharmacological agents III: acute toxicity and local anesthetic activity of azulylamides and azulenecarboxamides [3].
• Azulene ointment did not reduce the size of the mucositis compared with the vaseline-treated control group [4].

High impact information on azulene

• Several novel azulene-containing retinoids were prepared and evaluated for their ability to suppress carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation and to concomitantly up-regulate gap junctional communication in the in vitro mouse fibroblast C3H/10T1/2 cell bioassay [5].
• The ESR measurement of anion radicals and a dianion diradical generated by the electrochemical reduction of amine 1b and diamine 2b revealed that the unpaired electron of these radicals delocalizes over the entire azulene ring including the central nitrogen atoms [6].
• Fluorescence of Zn(II) porphyrin in the dyads is strongly quenched depending upon substitution position of azulene in order of 2 > 1 > 4 > 3 [7].
• Energy transfer between polyatomic molecules. 3. Energy transfer quantities and probability density functions in self-collisions of benzene, toluene, p-xylene and azulene [8].
• The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effectiveness of the topical external medicines used in clinical settings, and the authors investigated the effects of 1% azulene ointment, 0.12% dexamethasone ointment, and polaprezinc-sodium alginate suspension on an animal model for oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy [4].

Chemical compound and disease context of azulene

• The photomutagenicity of the popular skin conditioning agents azulene and guaiazulene were tested in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and TA102 [9].
• Effect of sodium azulene sulfonate on capsaicin-induced pharyngitis in rats [10].

Biological context of azulene

• This suggests that the photomutagenicity of azulene in S. typhimurium TA102 could be due to DNA fragmentation caused by the concurrent exposure to azulene and light [1].
• When the cell suspensions are irradiated by light (UVA plus visible light) in the presence of azulene, an azulene dose-dependent cellular DNA damage is observed [1].
• Further study revealed that the combination of light and azulene can cause single-strand cleavage on pure PhiX174 plasmid DNA in solution [1].
• Butyl conformational reorganization as a possible explanation for the longitudinal flexibility of the binding site of bacteriorhodopsin. The azulene and C-22 retinoid analogs [11].
• Simple guaiane-type compounds, such as (-)-guaiol and guaiazulene showed weak inhibitory effects on the 5 alpha-reductase activity with IC50 values of f 81.6 microM and 100.8 microM, respectively, while azulene was not active [12].

Anatomical context of azulene

• We investigated 27 azulene derivatives for their relative cytotoxicity against three human normal cells and three human oral tumor cell lines [13].

Associations of azulene with other chemical compounds

• Energy transfer between azulene and krypton: Comparison between experiment and computation [14].
• Collisions of azulene and biphenylene with different colliders are investigated as case studies [15].

Gene context of azulene

• The ESR spectra of the neutral radical gave two hyperfine coupling constants: a(H) = 0.083 (6H) and 0.166 mT (9H) (g = 2.0024), indicating that an unpaired electron delocalizes over all three of the azulene rings [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of azulene

• At the highest azulene concentration of 50 microM, the average DNA fragmentation is 33 +/- 10%, determined by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) [1].
• In this investigation, collisional interactions between ground state Kr atoms and highly vibrationally excited azulene molecules (4.66 eV internal energy) were examined at a collision energy of 410 cm-1 using a crossed molecular beam apparatus and time-sliced ion imaging techniques [17].

References