Disease relevance of Pharyngitis

• Serum opacity factor (SOF) is a fibronectin-binding protein of group A streptococci that opacifies mammalian sera and is expressed by some strains that cause impetigo, pharyngitis and acute glomerulonephritis [1].
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease can result in such supraesophageal complications as hoarseness, sore throat, cough, bronchitis, asthma, recurrent pneumonia, intermittent choking, chest pain, and ear pain [2].
• Cefetamet pivoxil in the treatment of pharyngitis/tonsillitis in children and adults [3].
• The mechanisms of resistance to macrolides in seven group A streptococcal (Streptococcus pyogenes) isolates that were the cause of pharyngitis in children who were unsuccessfully treated with azithromycin (10 mg/kg of body weight/day for 3 days) were evaluated [4].
• C5a peptidase, also called SCPA (surface-bound C5a peptidase), is a surface-bound protein on group A streptococci (GAS), etiologic agents for a variety of human diseases including pharyngitis, impetigo, toxic shock, and necrotizing fasciitis, as well as the postinfection sequelae rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease [5].

High impact information on Pharyngitis

• The treatment of pharyngitis with erythromycin failed in 9 of 19 patients infected with erythromycin-resistant group A streptococci, as compared with 1 of 26 patients with erythromycin-susceptible isolates (47 percent vs. 4 percent, P = 0.008) [6].
• The effect of duration of orally administered penicillin V potassium on the bacteriologic and clinical cure of group A streptococcal pharyngitis was evaluated [7].
• Streptococcal pharyngitis in children. A comparison of four treatment schedules with intramuscular penicillin G benzathine [8].
• However, few (5%) agreed with dispensing antibiotics for sore throats or a 4- to 6-week supply of ranitidine for nightly "point" abdominal tenderness that is relieved by food (5%) [9].
• A comparison of azithromycin and penicillin V for the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pharyngitis

• To evaluate this activity of caffeine, we used new study methods in a randomized controlled trial on patients with acute sore throat due to tonsillopharyngitis [11].
• Demonstration of dose response of flurbiprofen lozenges with the sore throat pain model [12].
• We conclude that the sore throat pain model is a sensitive assay for identification of the activity of oral analgesic drugs in children and that ibuprofen is an effective analgesic in children [13].
• Sore throat and hoarseness are usually unrelated to yeast infection in patients using triamcinolone acetonide aerosol [14].
• With the exception of methacholine, all substances caused symptoms of rhinorrhea, congestion, and sore throat [15].

Biological context of Pharyngitis

• Three classes of macrolide resistance phenotypes and three different erythromycin resistance determinants were found among 127 erythromycin-resistant group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates recovered from 355 (35.8%) pediatric pharyngitis patients in Rome, Italy [16].
• Being as efficacious as penicillin and having the advantages over erythromycin of once-daily dosing and the lack of drug interactions, dirithromycin is an alternative to penicillin in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis for patients 12 years of age and older [17].
• Preliminary sequencing of the genome of an erythromycin-resistant serotype M6 clone that was responsible for a pharyngitis outbreak in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was conducted to determine the structure of the genetic element containing the mefA gene, which encodes a macrolide efflux protein [18].
• The Directigen 1-2-3 Group A Strep Test (DGAST; BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) was compared with conventional culture procedures on Trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood (BBL) and Selective Streptococcal Agar (ssA; BBL) for detection of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) for 1,006 patients complaining of sore throat [19].
• The predicted amino acid sequences of the two pharyngitis strains were identical and were 88% homologous to the amino acid sequence of a group G M-protein gene [20].

Anatomical context of Pharyngitis

• OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relative efficacy of orally administered cefadroxil and penicillin V in the treatment of group A streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis and the mechanism(s) responsible for failure of antimicrobial therapy to eradicate GABHS from the pharynx [21].
• A coxsackievirus A10 strain, isolated from a clinical specimen from a patient with pharyngitis, was characterized with respect to its growth properties in different cultured cells and at different incubation temperatures [22].
• However, more clarithromycin-treated patients than penicillin-treated patients had resolution of sore throat (94% vs 86%, P = .014) and disappearance of pharyngeal erythema and exudate (89% vs 82%, P = .05) [23].
• Gargling with sodium azulene sulfonate reduces the postoperative sore throat after intubation of the trachea [24].
• Tussive activity was accompanied with retrosternal soreness and tightness of the chest for PGE2, increased sputum for PGF2 alpha, and sore throats with citric acid [25].

Gene context of Pharyngitis

• Clindamycin in the treatment of an outbreak of streptococcal pharyngitis in a kibbutz due to beta-lactamase producing organisms [26].
• A study of H2 receptor antagonists in the treatment of chronic intractable pharyngitis [27].
• In a controlled study of 75 patients suffering from chronic pharyngitis: 30 were treated with H2-receptor antagonist, 30 with H1-receptor antagonist, local decongestants and antiseptic gargles: and 15 treated with alum, salt or Dispirin gargles acted as controls [27].
• The typical triad in our series was: pharyngitis, a tender/swollen neck, and noncavitating pulmonary infiltrates [28].
• Paired acute and convalescent sera from patients with streptococcal pharyngitis possessed significantly higher levels of anti-SCP IgG than did sera from healthy individuals [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pharyngitis

• Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant. A double-blind study comparing aspirin with caffeine to aspirin and placebo in patients with sore throat [11].
• The safety and efficacy of azithromycin was compared with that of penicillin V in a multicenter study of the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis in outpatients [10].
• Thirty asthmatic patients participating in a trial of triamcinolone acetonide aerosol were evaluated to determine the relationships among symptons of sore throat or hoarseness, the appearance of the throat on physical examination, and the presence of yeasts on pharyngeal culture [14].
• Clinical trials conducted with cefetamet pivoxil, a new oral third generation cephalosporin, in both adults and children with pharyngitis/tonsillitis indicate that this agent offers an effective alternative for phenoxymethylpenicillin in this indication [3].
• Sera from several patients with pharyngitis due to Candida and from several who were only colonized with Candida or for whom clinical or cultural evidence of candidiasis was lacking showed positive immunodiffusion reactions or agglutinin titers of greater than 1:16, and some showed fourfold rises in titer [30].

References