Disease relevance of krypton

• We conclude that different patterns of disturbed myocardial distribution of krypton-81m are present during stress-induced ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease [1].
• The jeopardized segment at first showed no change and then a decrease in regional activity of krypton-81m (89.0 +/- 17%) accompanied by ST-segment depression and chest pain [1].
• Clinical use of ultrashort-lived radionuclide krypton-81m for noninvasive analysis of right ventricular performance in normal subjects and patients with right ventricular dysfunction [2].
• In 10 normal subjects, 11 patients with pulmonary hypertension, 4 patients with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction and 4 patients with right ventricular infarction, right ventricular ejection fraction determined by krypton-81m equilibrium blood pool imaging ranged from 14 to 76% [2].
• To investigate the relative importance of size and polarizability in ligand binding within proteins, we have determined the crystal structures of pseudo wild-type and cavity-containing mutant phage T4 lysozymes in the presence of argon, krypton, and xenon [3].

Psychiatry related information on krypton

• The krypton procedure is preferred in pulmonary embolism suspects because it requires far less patient cooperation than the xenon and aerosol methods and the lung images disclose regional ventilatory impairment quickly and accurately [4].

High impact information on krypton

• Atrial pacing produced increased activity of krypton-81m to remote myocardium [1].
• One week after krypton laser photocoagulation in C57BL/6J mice, 34 of 60 burns (57%) showed fluorescein leakage and 13 of 16 (81%) showed histopathological evidence of CNV [5].
• Different gaseous bubbles, i.e., helium, nitrogen, and krypton, were introduced in air at atmospheric pressure in order to study the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in the spherical geometry for negative, close to zero, and positive initial density jumps across the interface [6].
• Left-sided heart and lung background was minimized by rapid decay and efficient exhalation of krypton-81m, requiring no algorithm for background correction [2].
• Simplified model of krypton laser-induced thrombotic distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in spontaneously hypertensive rats [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of krypton

• Regional comparison of technetium-99m DTPA aerosol and radioactive gas ventilation (xenon and krypton) studies in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism [8].
• Documentation in the literature indicates that death is as painless following the induction of hypoxia by rapid decompression as by other methods that lead to hypoxia, such as exposure to high altitude, carbon monoxide, and inert gases (nitrogen, xenon, and krypton) [9].
• We used a red-light krypton laser (647 nm) because the light is not absorbed by the hemoglobin in the retinal hemorrhage or by the macular luteal pigment (xanthophyll), and because it is transmitted into the choroid, allowing treatment within the macular zone with less damage to the internal retinal elements [10].
• Krypton laser for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: the Krypton Argon Regression of Neovascularization Study [11].
• Continuous imaging of regional blood flow in peripheral vascular disease using Krypton-81m: effect of Ketanserin, a new selective serotonin antagonist [12].

Biological context of krypton

• Thus, equilibrium-gated right ventricular imaging using ultrashort-lived krypton-81m is a simple, accurate and reproducible method with potential for serial assessment of right ventricular ejection fraction in a variety of right ventricular anatomic and functional abnormalities, both at rest and during exercise [2].
• Inhalation of 40% xenon for 1 min and of 80% krypton for 2 min had no significant effect on rCBF in most brain regions studied [13].
• Krypton-81m, given by continuous i.v. infusion, has been successfully used for the equilibrium ECG-gated assessment of right ventricular function [14].
• A targeted sequence was further investigated using an animal model of choroidal neovascularisation where a krypton laser was used to produce a wound healing response in the choroid and retina [15].
• In 44 patients with angiographically confirmed PE and in 40 patients with COPD, the regional ventilation-perfusion ratios (V/Q) were therefore computed using krypton-81m for each perfusion defect, and were displayed in a functional image [16].

Anatomical context of krypton

• A krypton laser operating at 568 nm was used to irradiate the exposed distal middle cerebral artery with an intact dura above the rhinal fissure [7].
• To clarify the blood distribution, Krypton-81m was continuously infused into the vertebral arteries of 10 patients [17].
• The mean values for the diffusion coefficients of krypton obtained in this study were 1.6 X 10(-5), 0.76 X 10(-5), 0.80 X 10(-5), and 1.2 X 10(-5) cm.2 per second for the sclera, choroid, retina, and vitreous, respectively [18].
• Repair of retinal pigment epithelium and its relationship with capillary endothelium after krypton laser photocoagulation [19].
• Retinal vessel photocoagulation: a quantitative comparison of argon and krypton laser [20].

Associations of krypton with other chemical compounds

• Distribution of perfusion was measured with intravenous technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin and distribution of ventilation with inhaled krypton-81m [21].
• Laser-induced fluorescence detection using a UV krypton/fluoride laser provided greater selectivity and sensitivity versus UV detection for certain uncharacterized high molecular weight impurities [22].
• For each patient, we compared six-view aerosol images with accompanying perfusion scans and chest radiographs and with Xenon-133 (Xe-133) or Krypton-81m (Kr-81m) studies [23].
• Ventilation (krypton -81m) and perfusion (technetium -99m) lung scans were obtained in a consecutive series of 21 patients shortly before thoracotomy for proven or suspected carcinoma of the bronchus [24].
• A method is presented for the automated determination of the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) by digital image processing of scintigrams obtained by intravenous infusion of Krypton 81m (81mKr) dissolved in a glucose solution [25].

Gene context of krypton

• We investigated the mRNA expression of TGF-beta isoforms in a model of experimental choroidal neovascularization induced by krypton-laser photocoagulation [26].
• METHODS: CNV was induced in wild-type and MMP-2-deficient mice by krypton laser photocoagulation of the fundus [27].
• The authors studied the relationship of aFGF and bFGF expression to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell and choriocapillary endothelial cell proliferation in krypton-laser-treated regions of the retina, RPE, and choroid of a model of subretinal neovascularization in the pigmented rat they developed [28].
• The authors performed a prospective study of 36 eyes affected by pathologic myopia with macular subretinal neovascularization (SRNV) successfully treated with either argon green, dye orange (590 nm), or krypton red lasers [29].
• During this slow deacylation it is possible to obtain a very good resonance Raman spectrum of the acyl intermediate by using the 350.7-nm line of the krypton laser [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of krypton

• Regional myocardial perfusion was assessed using an atrial pacing test and a short-lived radionuclide, krypton-81m [1].
• Eleven patients had negative exercise tests and uniform increases in myocardial activity of krypton-81m of 98 +/- 18.0% during pacing [1].
• The methods use high-intensity krypton and argon ion lasers in the photoreactions and HPLC methods to purify the required oligonucleotides containing the photoadducts [31].
• The laser scanning confocal microscope, when used with the krypton-argon ion laser, is well suited for the simultaneous detection of pairs of antigens by immunofluorescence [32].
• Krypton scans were normal in the control group [33].

References