High impact information on Bmp3

• Finally, Bmp3(-/-) mice have twice as much trabecular bone as wild-type littermates, indicating that BMP3, the most abundant BMP in adult bone, is a negative determinant of bone density [1].
• In contrast, BMP-3, BMP-4, BMP-7, and BMP-8 showed a restricted period of expression from day 14 through day 21, when the resorption of calcified cartilage and osteoblastic recruitment were most active [2].
• Growth/differentiation factor-10 (GDF-10) is a TGF-beta family member highly related to bone morphogenetic protein-3 [3].
• Msx2 expression continued in the epithelial cell rests of Malassez, and the nearby cementoblasts intensely expressed Bmp3, which may regulate some functions of the fragmented epithelium [4].
• They as well as Bmp-5 may be involved in the induction and formation of dentine and enamel, and Bmp-3 in the development of cementum [5].

Biological context of Bmp3

• On an outbred genetic background, Bmp3-/- mice are viable and show no obvious skeletal phenotype as embryos or neonates [6].
• This observation is consistent with our in vitro observations suggesting that BMP3 is an inhibitor of osteogenesis in vitro and of bone formation in vivo [6].
• By applying this technique, early phase bone morphogenetic protein-3 mRNA in the nuclei and cytoplasm was successfully demonstrated in a differentiating chondrocytic cell lineage [7].
• In particular, elevated expression of SFRP5, an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, the imprinted gene MEST and BMP3 may be causally linked to fat mass expansion, since differences in gene expression observed in biopsies of epididymal fat at 7 wk of age (before the high-fat diet) correlated with adiposity after 8 wk on a high-fat diet [8].

Anatomical context of Bmp3

• BMP-3 was also localized in ducts of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, acini of the lacrimal gland, Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, nerve fibres of the cerebellum and brain, afferent cells of the dorsal root ganglia, inferior alveolar nerve, and peripheral processes of the vestibulocochlear nerve [9].
• BMP-2 and OP-1 were also localized in spiral ligament and interdentate cells of the cochlea, whilst BMP-3 was restricted to the spiral ganglion [9].
• Interestingly, Bmp3 was uniquely expressed postnatally in the resting zone of the synchondrosis growth center, suggesting a role in the regulation of cranial base growth [10].
• When rBMP-2 was added to primary cultures of FRC osteoblasts, it accelerated mineralized nodule formation in a time and concentration-dependent manner (10-40 ng/ml). rBMP-2 (40 ng/ml) enhanced BMP-3 and -4 mRNA expression during the mineralization phase of primary cultures of FRC osteoblasts [11].
• Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and transcriptional response assays were used to monitor the ability of BMP3 to elicit either a BMP-like or a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)/activin-like response in osteoblastic cell lines [6].

Associations of Bmp3 with chemical compounds

• MBA-15.33, MBA-15.4, and MBA-15.6 cells were exposed to dexamethasone or to various growth factors (bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2 and BMP-3), TGF beta, and IGF-1) [12].
• BMP-3 mRNA expression were almost negative in either control or retinoic acid-treated groups during all stages [13].

References