Disease relevance of Krt15

• The pathogenicity island-associated K15 capsule determinant exhibits a novel genetic structure and correlates with virulence in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain 536 [1].
• Klebsiella vaccines were isolated by mild diafiltration techniques from culture filtrates of nine capsular types of K. aerogenes (K1, K2, K3, K15, K20, K35, K36, K44 & K63) [2].

High impact information on Krt15

• These pluripotent ND-GFP stem cells are positive for the stem cell marker CD34, as well as keratin 15-negative, suggesting their relatively undifferentiated state [3].
• In this study, we demonstrate that ND-GFP stem cells isolated from the hair-follicle bulge area that are negative for the keratinocyte marker keratin 15 can differentiate into neurons, glia, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, and melanocytes in vitro [3].
• The pluripotent nestin-driven GFP stem cells are positive for the stem cell marker CD34 but negative for keratinocyte marker keratin 15, suggesting their relatively undifferentiated state [4].
• LRC reside throughout the permanent region of the hair follicle, where they express keratin 15 and lie in a region of high alpha6beta4 integrin expression [5].
• Similarly, the steady-state levels of CK 15 and 18 mRNA in VP and SV are also repressed in an androgen-dependent manner [6].

Biological context of Krt15

• The 5' upstream regions of the mouse and human K15 genes contain homologous sequences around the respective TATA boxes, suggesting that the same factors are involved in the regulation of their transcription [7].
• Comparison of the amino acid sequences with those of other cytokeratins revealed a high degree of conservation with respect to several other human type I cytokeratins, notably cytokeratin 15, and to the murine 47-kDa cytokeratin [8].
• In experimental murine GVHD elicited across minor histocompatibility antigen barriers (miHA), early lesions involved selective apoptosis and loss of K15(+) staining within lingual RLPs [9].
• Cytokeratin 15 can be used to identify the limbal phenotype in normal and diseased ocular surfaces [10].
• Interestingly, recombination of a group 2 and 3 determinant may have been involved in the evolution of the K15 capsule-encoding gene cluster [1].

Anatomical context of Krt15

• The levels of K15 and K16 were not different in the MKC-5 and MKC-6 cell lines, suggesting that they are not contributing factors to the stabilization of K5 in the mutant cells [11].
• This novel population does not express the bulge-specific stem cell markers CD34 or keratin 15, and is infrequently BrdU label retaining [12].
• The C8/144B monoclonal antibody recognizes cytokeratin 15 and defines the location of human hair follicle stem cells [13].
• Using expression cloning, we identified cytokeratin 15 as the keratinocyte protein recognized by the C8/144B monoclonal antibody [13].
• RESULTS: In human conjunctival epithelium, strong expression of K15 was observed in basal cells, whereas K19 was expressed in both basal and suprabasal layers (K15(bas)/K19(bas-sup)/K12(-)) [10].

Regulatory relationships of Krt15

• In addition, the transgenic hair follicles exhibit a decreased expression of K15 as well as some hair-specific keratins and express Cldn5 and Cldn18, which are not detectable in the wild type [14].

Other interactions of Krt15

• Restriction mapping and sequencing data indicate that they encode the mouse K15 and K13 [15].
• An epithelial target site in experimental graft-versus-host disease and cytokine-mediated cytotoxicity is defined by cytokeratin 15 expression [9].
• An in vitro organ culture model designed to investigate target cell injury by short-term exposure to tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta, mediators relevant to GVHD, showed a similar pattern of apoptosis and loss of K15(+) reactivity within RLPs [9].
• Results of the immunohistochemical staining showed that nestin, GFP, keratin 5/8, and keratin 15 colocalize in the hair follicle bulge cells, outer-root sheath cells, and basal cells of the sebaceous glands [16].
• By double immunofluorescence, colocalization of caveolin-1 and cytokeratin-15 was confirmed in the bulge region [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Krt15

• Sequencing, Northern hybridization and genomic Southern blotting revealed that the downstream gene encodes the mouse K15 gene [7].
• Western blot analysis was used to examine CD34 and K15 protein levels in dorsal skin isolated from SENCAR mice during multi-stage skin carcinogenesis [18].

References