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Gene Review:

Narp - neuro activity regulated petaxin

Rattus norvegicus

Reti, I.M. et al., Aben, J.A. et al., Li, S.Y. et al., Fukumoto, M. et al., Reti, I.M. et al., et al.

Shu, Ohno, Wang, Kuriyama, Ueki, Kanayama, Sato, O'Brien, Xu, Mi, Tang, Hopf, Worley, Reti, Baraban, Reti, Minor, Baraban, Reti, Reddy, Worley, Baraban,

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Disease relevance of Narp

Immunohistochemistry revealed that Narp protein is exclusively expressed in Lew/Maa glomeruli 7 and 14 days after induction of anti-Thy-1 nephritis [1].

High impact information on Narp

Here, differential gene expression analysis using a rat complementary DNA micro array revealed neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin (Narp) as a candidate gene involved in the remodeling or progression of damaged glomeruli [1].
Double-immunofluorescent staining showed that proliferating mesangial cells and parietal epithelial cells (PECs) at sites of adhesion to podocytes are partially Narp-positive, whereas podocytes fail to express Narp [1].
In the IC, however, Narp was up-regulated, GluR2 down-regulated, and GluR1 unchanged after kindling [2].
In comparison with kindling, neither GluR1 nor GluR2 was changed, while Narp significantly increased in the IC following a single AGS [2].
Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that Narp was rapidly induced in both the hippocampus and the IC by AGS [2].

Biological context of Narp

These findings suggest that down-regulation of AMPA receptor GluR2 subunit in the IC may contribute to AGS-mediated epileptogenesis, and up-regulation of Narp in the IC may be involved in audiogenic seizures [2].
Recent in vitro studies demonstrated that Narp, a secreted immediate early gene (IEG) product, induces AMPA receptor clustering [3].
As both IEGs and changes in AMPA receptor trafficking mediate enduring forms of neuronal plasticity, we have assessed whether Narp could be involved in the molecular adaptations accompanying drug withdrawal [4].
As Narp protein appears to play a key role in regulating AMPA receptor clustering at synaptic sites, sustained increases in Narp may contribute to changes in excitatory synaptic transmission induced by chronic neuronal stimulation [5].
This study was designed to examine the effects of acute administration of methamphetamine (MAP) on the Narp gene in rat brain using reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) [6].

Anatomical context of Narp

In contrast, labyrinth ablation did not affect Narp staining in Deiters' nucleus or the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum, presumably because these areas are driven by inputs from multiple systems [3].
Unexpectedly, we found robust Narp expression in several discrete areas linked to the vestibular system: the anterodorsal nucleus (ADN) of the thalamus, which relays head orientation information to the cortex, the lateral vestibulospinal (Deiters') nucleus and Purkinje cells in the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum [3].
The secretion of the neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin (Narp) by hippocampal axons is restricted to contacts with interneurons [7].
Opiate withdrawal induces Narp in the extended amygdala [4].
Use of the dnNarp mutants to suppress endogenous Narp expression by postsynaptic dendrites showed a complementary role for dendritic Narp in the clustering of synaptic AMPA receptors, as well as a reduction in the total number of excitatory synapses on transfected neurons [8].

Associations of Narp with chemical compounds

As expected, pretreatment of animals with clonidine, which blocks opiate withdrawal, suppresses Narp induction in this paradigm [4].
Effects of acute administration of methamphetamine on Narp mRNA in rat brain [6].
Narp (neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin) is a secreted immediate early gene product functioning as a cluster factor for the AMPA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors [6].

Other interactions of Narp

Selective expression of Narp, a secreted neuronal pentraxin, in orexin neurons [9].
Developmental changes in PSD-95 and Narp mRNAs in the rat olfactory bulb [10].
We thus investigated the expressions of PSD-95 and Narp mRNAs in the rat developing olfactory bulb [10].

References

Glomerular expression of neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin precedes the development of anti-Thy-1-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis. Aben, J.A., Ijpelaar, D.H., Baelde, H., Worley, P., Noble, N., Bruijn, J.A., de Heer, E. Kidney Int. (2006) [Pubmed]
AGS-induced expression of Narp is concomitant with expression of AMPA receptor subunits GluR1 and GluR2 in hippocampus but not inferior colliculus of P77PMC rats. Li, S.Y., Xu, D.S., Jia, H.T. Neurobiol. Dis. (2003) [Pubmed]
Prominent expression of Narp in central vestibular pathways: selective effect of labyrinth ablation. Reti, I.M., Minor, L.B., Baraban, J.M. Eur. J. Neurosci. (2002) [Pubmed]
Opiate withdrawal induces Narp in the extended amygdala. Reti, I.M., Baraban, J.M. Neuropsychopharmacology (2003) [Pubmed]
Sustained increase in Narp protein expression following repeated electroconvulsive seizure. Reti, I.M., Baraban, J.M. Neuropsychopharmacology (2000) [Pubmed]
Effects of acute administration of methamphetamine on Narp mRNA in rat brain. Fukumoto, M., Iwata, M., Shinbori, C., Hazama, G.I., Shirayama, Y., Kawahara, R. Addiction biology. (2005) [Pubmed]
Differing mechanisms for glutamate receptor aggregation on dendritic spines and shafts in cultured hippocampal neurons. Mi, R., Tang, X., Sutter, R., Xu, D., Worley, P., O'Brien, R.J. J. Neurosci. (2002) [Pubmed]
Synaptically targeted narp plays an essential role in the aggregation of AMPA receptors at excitatory synapses in cultured spinal neurons. O'Brien, R., Xu, D., Mi, R., Tang, X., Hopf, C., Worley, P. J. Neurosci. (2002) [Pubmed]
Selective expression of Narp, a secreted neuronal pentraxin, in orexin neurons. Reti, I.M., Reddy, R., Worley, P.F., Baraban, J.M. J. Neurochem. (2002) [Pubmed]
Developmental changes in PSD-95 and Narp mRNAs in the rat olfactory bulb. Shu, F., Ohno, K., Wang, T., Kuriyama, K., Ueki, T., Kanayama, N., Sato, K. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. (2001) [Pubmed]

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