The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.

wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
Gene Review

cII  -  cII protein

Enterobacteria phage lambda

 
 
Welcome! If you are familiar with the subject of this article, you can contribute to this open access knowledge base by deleting incorrect information, restructuring or completely rewriting any text. Read more.
 

Disease relevance of cII

  • Nucleotide sequence of cro, cII and part of the O gene in phage lambda DNA [1].
  • To obtain this protein, the cII gene was cloned into a plasmid vector carrying the strong, regulatable lambda phage promoter PL such that it was overproduced to levels approaching 5% of cellular protein [2].
  • The gene for the Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MuSV) p21ras protein was fused to the amino-terminal portion of the bacteriophage lambda cII gene on the expression vector pJL6 [3].
  • An Escherichia coli HtpR- strain has been identified that greatly stabilizes these highly unstable cII mutants [4].
  • Lambda cII expression from an induced prophage is increased twofold in the presence of a large excess of anti-OOP RNA [5].
 

High impact information on cII

 

Chemical compound and disease context of cII

  • Hypothetical amino-acid sequences of proteins coded by the cro gene of phage 434 and the cII gene of phage lambda, as well as NH2-terminal amino-acid sequences of the cI protein of phage 434 and the O protein of phage lambda, have been deduced solely on the basis of the DNA sequence [10].
  • When restriction fragments carrying the promoter-terminator segments from each of these phages were inserted into the trp operon, both responded identically to cII activation, and both caused termination [11].
  • Last, in contrast to lambda cII, the C1 protein exhibited little cooperativity with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase for DNA binding, but because of its stronger inherent binding ability, achieved an overall promoter affinity similar to that observed for cII at its cognate promoter signals [12].
  • RNA structural elements for expression in Escherichia coli. Alpha 1-antitrypsin synthesis using translation control elements based on the cII ribosome-binding site of phage lambda [13].
 

Biological context of cII

  • Mutations that alter the DNA binding site for the bacteriophage lambda cII protein and affect the translation efficiency of the cII gene [14].
  • Since the cII protein of ctr-3 has the same primary sequence as that of lambda cII3059, the cII- phenotype of lambda cII3059 can be explained entirely by the deficiency of translating cII mRNA [14].
  • The ctr mutations lie in an overlapping regulatory region which contains, in addition to sequence elements that influence the rate of cII translation, a region to which cII protein binds to activate transcription from the PRE promoter [14].
  • Plasmids were constructed to supply cII-coded protein for activation of the phage promoter pI [15].
  • The fusion was such that transcription was controlled by the well-regulated phage lambda pL promoter, and translation initiated in the cII gene continued in frame into the ras gene sequences that code for p21 [3].
 

Anatomical context of cII

  • In p39-AS, the rho leader is completely absent, and the lambda cII ribosome binding site replaces that of rho [16].
  • Analysis of the cII mutational spectrum within the mammary tumor genomic DNA demonstrated a >6-fold elevation in transversion mutation frequency, resulting in a highly unusual inversion of the transition/transversion ratio characteristic of normal epithelium; frameshift mutation frequencies were unaltered [17].
  • In the small intestine, PhIP increased the cII MF to four-fold that of the control, but IQ, MeIQ, and Trp-P-2 did not have a significant mutagenic effect [18].
  • In the cecum, cII MFs induced by IQ and MeIQ were 1.9 and 2.7 times those in the control, respectively [18].
  • To evaluate the in vivo mutagenicity of 3-NBA, we analyzed the mutant frequency (MF) in the cII gene of various organs (lung, liver, kidney, bladder, colon, spleen, and testis) in lambda/lacZ transgenic mice (Muta Mouse) after intraperitoneal treatment with 3-NBA (25 mg/kg body weight injected once a week for 4 weeks) [19].
 

Associations of cII with chemical compounds

  • The cII mutational spectra in these tissues consisted mostly of G/C-->A/T transitions, a large fraction of which occurred at CpG dinucleotides [20].
  • We demonstrate that cII in solution is a tetrameric protein and that it undergoes specific processing at its NH2-terminal end [21].
  • Of 314 mutants, 182 (58%) had independent mutations, 74 (23.5%) appeared clonal, and 58 (18.5%) showed no cII mutations [22].
  • Comparison of mutant frequencies at the transgenic lambda LacI and cII/cI loci in control and ENU-treated Big Blue mice [23].
  • The helix-bend-helix motif rationalizes genetic analysis of N-dependent transcriptional antitermination and extends the structural repertoire of arginine-rich domains observed among mammalian immunodeficiency viruses [24].
 

Physical interactions of cII

  • The bacteriophage lambda cIII gene product regulates the lysogenic pathway by stabilizing the lambda cII regulatory protein [25].
 

Other interactions of cII

  • Our results suggest that positive regulation by cII/cIII involves initiation of new RNA chains through activation of promoter sites [26].
  • The cII-independent expression of the phage lambda int gene in RNase III-defective E. coli [27].
  • As expected of a cII mutation, lambdacIIts612 is unable to stimulate either cI repressor or Int synthesis during the establishment of lysogeny [28].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cII

  • We have constructed a promoter down mutation, paq-1, by changing a single base pair in the putative cII binding site of the promoter by oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis [29].
  • The tp4 mutation was mapped in the cY-cII region, and complementation tests indicated that tp4 affects the diffusible product of the cII gene [30].
  • The expressed protein is a fusion between the N-terminal 13 amino acids of the cII gene, 8 amino acids resulting from the ligation procedure, and the 180 amino acids that comprise the HIV-2 Nef sequence from the NIH-Z strain [31].

References

  1. Nucleotide sequence of cro, cII and part of the O gene in phage lambda DNA. Schwarz, E., Scherer, G., Hobom, G., Kössel, H. Nature (1978) [Pubmed]
  2. Purified lambda regulatory protein cII positively activates promoters for lysogenic development. Simatake, H., Rosenberg, M. Nature (1981) [Pubmed]
  3. High-level expression in Escherichia coli of enzymatically active Harvey murine sarcoma virus p21ras protein. Lautenberger, J.A., Ulsh, L., Shih, T.Y., Papas, T.S. Science (1983) [Pubmed]
  4. Identification of the DNA binding domain of the phage lambda cII transcriptional activator and the direct correlation of cII protein stability with its oligomeric forms. Ho, Y.S., Mahoney, M.E., Wulff, D.L., Rosenberg, M. Genes Dev. (1988) [Pubmed]
  5. OOP RNA, produced from multicopy plasmids, inhibits lambda cII gene expression through an RNase III-dependent mechanism. Krinke, L., Wulff, D.L. Genes Dev. (1987) [Pubmed]
  6. Transcripts that increase the processivity and elongation rate of RNA polymerase. King, R.A., Banik-Maiti, S., Jin, D.J., Weisberg, R.A. Cell (1996) [Pubmed]
  7. Antitermination of E. coli rRNA transcription is caused by a control region segment containing lambda nut-like sequences. Li, S.C., Squires, C.L., Squires, C. Cell (1984) [Pubmed]
  8. Protein degradation in E. coli: the Ion mutation and bacteriophage lambda N and cll protein stability. Gottesman, S., Gottesman, M., Shaw, J.E., Pearson, M.L. Cell (1981) [Pubmed]
  9. Bacteriophage lambda protein cII binds promoters on the opposite face of the DNA helix from RNA polymerase. Ho, Y.S., Wulff, D.L., Rosenberg, M. Nature (1983) [Pubmed]
  10. Primary structure of an EcoRI fragment of lambda imm434 DNA containing regions cI-cro of phage 434 and cII-o of phage lambda. Ovchinnikov, Y.A., Guryev, S.O., Krayev, A.S., Monastyrskaya, G.S., Skryabin, K.G., Sverdlov, E.D., Zakharyev, V.M., Bayev, A.A. Gene (1979) [Pubmed]
  11. The integrase promoter and T'I terminator in bacteriophages lambda and 434. Benedik, M., Mascarenhas, D., Campbell, A. Virology (1983) [Pubmed]
  12. Characterization of the transcription activator protein C1 of bacteriophage P22. Ho, Y.S., Pfarr, D., Strickler, J., Rosenberg, M. J. Biol. Chem. (1992) [Pubmed]
  13. RNA structural elements for expression in Escherichia coli. Alpha 1-antitrypsin synthesis using translation control elements based on the cII ribosome-binding site of phage lambda. Tessier, L.H., Jallat, S., Sauvageot, M., Crystal, R.G., Courtney, M. FEBS Lett. (1986) [Pubmed]
  14. Mutations that alter the DNA binding site for the bacteriophage lambda cII protein and affect the translation efficiency of the cII gene. Place, N., Fien, K., Mahoney, M.E., Wulff, D.L., Ho, Y.S., Debouck, C., Rosenberg, M., Shih, M.C., Gussin, G.N. J. Mol. Biol. (1984) [Pubmed]
  15. Probing cII and himA action at the integrase promoter pi of bacteriophage lambda. Benedik, M., Mascarenhas, D., Campbell, A. Gene (1982) [Pubmed]
  16. Maximizing gene expression from plasmid vectors containing the lambda PL promoter: strategies for overproducing transcription termination factor rho. Mott, J.E., Grant, R.A., Ho, Y.S., Platt, T. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1985) [Pubmed]
  17. Genetic instability favoring transversions associated with ErbB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis. Liu, S., Liu, W., Jakubczak, J.L., Erexson, G.L., Tindall, K.R., Chan, R., Muller, W.J., Adhya, S., Garges, S., Merlino, G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2002) [Pubmed]
  18. Regional mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines in the intestine: mutation analysis of the cII gene in lambda/lacZ transgenic mice. Itoh, T., Kuwahara, T., Suzuki, T., Hayashi, M., Ohnishi, Y. Mutat. Res. (2003) [Pubmed]
  19. DNA adducts and mutagenic specificity of the ubiquitous environmental pollutant 3-nitrobenzanthrone in Muta Mouse. Arlt, V.M., Zhan, L., Schmeiser, H.H., Honma, M., Hayashi, M., Phillips, D.H., Suzuki, T. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. (2004) [Pubmed]
  20. Analysis of genetic instability during mammary tumor progression using a novel selection-based assay for in vivo mutations in a bacteriophage lambda transgene target. Jakubczak, J.L., Merlino, G., French, J.E., Muller, W.J., Paul, B., Adhya, S., Garges, S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1996) [Pubmed]
  21. Purification and properties of a transcriptional activator. The cII protein of phage lambda. Ho, Y., Lewis, M., Rosenberg, M. J. Biol. Chem. (1982) [Pubmed]
  22. Spontaneous mutation spectrum at the lambda cII locus in liver, lung, and spleen tissue of Big Blue transgenic mice. Harbach, P.R., Zimmer, D.M., Filipunas, A.L., Mattes, W.B., Aaron, C.S. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. (1999) [Pubmed]
  23. Comparison of mutant frequencies at the transgenic lambda LacI and cII/cI loci in control and ENU-treated Big Blue mice. Zimmer, D.M., Harbach, P.R., Mattes, W.B., Aaron, C.S. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. (1999) [Pubmed]
  24. RNA recognition by a bent alpha-helix regulates transcriptional antitermination in phage lambda. Su, L., Radek, J.T., Hallenga, K., Hermanto, P., Chan, G., Labeots, L.A., Weiss, M.A. Biochemistry (1997) [Pubmed]
  25. RNase III stimulates the translation of the cIII gene of bacteriophage lambda. Altuvia, S., Locker-Giladi, H., Koby, S., Ben-Nun, O., Oppenheim, A.B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1987) [Pubmed]
  26. Location of the regulatory site for establishment of repression by bacteriophage lambda. Jones, M.O., Fischer, R., Herskowitz, I., Echols, H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1979) [Pubmed]
  27. The cII-independent expression of the phage lambda int gene in RNase III-defective E. coli. Belfort, M. Gene (1980) [Pubmed]
  28. Analysis of a temperature sensitive mutation in gene cII of bacteriophage lambda. Oppenheim, A.B., Kapeller, I. Mol. Gen. Genet. (1976) [Pubmed]
  29. A cII-dependent promoter is located within the Q gene of bacteriophage lambda. Hoopes, B.C., McClure, W.R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1985) [Pubmed]
  30. Bacteriophage lambda mutants (lambdatp) that overproduce repressor. Truitt, C.L., Chu, H., Walker, J.R. J. Virol. (1978) [Pubmed]
  31. Purification of an Escherichia coli-expressed Nef protein from the human immunodeficiency virus-type 2. Du Bois, G.C., Hodge, D.R., Hanson, C.A., Samuel, K.P., Zweig, M., Showalter, S.D., Papas, T.S. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses (1993) [Pubmed]
 
WikiGenes - Universities