Disease relevance of PSAT1

• Concluding, our work indicates that promoter hypermethylation and mRNA expression of PSAT1 are indicators of response to tamoxifen-based endocrine therapy in steroid hormone receptor-positive patients with recurrent breast cancer [1].
• Serum PSA adjusted for volume of transition zone (PSAT) is more accurate than PSA adjusted for total gland volume (PSAD) in detecting adenocarcinoma of the prostate [2].
• In large prostates the PSAT was superior to f/tPSA in detecting prostate cancer [3].
• Serum tPSA, free to tPSA ratio (f/tPSA), PSA density (PSAD), and PSA transition zone (PSAT) were evaluated in 110 patients with histologically confirmed benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and 98 patients with PCa [4].
• The constituent enzymes for the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated serine biosynthetic pathways in Veillonella alcalescens were identified and included phosphoserine phosphatase, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, phosphoserine aminotransferase, and serine-pyruvate aminotransferase [5].

High impact information on PSAT1

• Furthermore, the extent of DNA methylation of PSAT1 was inversely associated with its expression at the mRNA level [1].
• Finally, also at the mRNA level, PSAT1 was a predictor of tamoxifen therapy response [1].
• Characterization of human phosphoserine aminotransferase involved in the phosphorylated pathway of L-serine biosynthesis [6].
• In U937 cells, the levels of PSAT mRNA and protein appeared to be up-regulated to support proliferation [6].
• Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of PSAT beta mRNA was more dominant when compared with PSAT alpha mRNA in all human cell lines tested [6].

Biological context of PSAT1

• HsPSAT alpha has a predicted open reading frame comprising 324 amino acids, encoding a 35.2 kDa protein (PSAT alpha), whereas HsPSAT beta consists of an open reading frame comprising 370 amino acids that encodes a 40 kDa protein (PSAT beta) [6].
• Like conventional T-cell-dependent proteins, PSA requires processing before major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) binding [7].
• However, there was no significant difference in harvest index, rate of light-saturated photosynthesis (Psat) 20 d before flowering, leaf area or plant weight at flowering between the N-deficient and control plants of all hybrids [8].

Anatomical context of PSAT1

• Accumulation of PSAT mRNA reached a maximum in the S-phase of Jurkat T-cells [6].
• PSAT mRNA was expressed at high levels (approx. 2.2 kb) in the brain, liver, kidney and pancreas, and very weakly expressed in the thymus, prostate, testis and colon [6].
• Of the proteins that were detected only in nodule mitochondria, phosphoserine aminotransferase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, one ribonucleoprotein and three unknown proteins were identified [9].
• In patients with capsular perforation, the areas under the ROC curve were 0.686 for PSA, 0.665 for PSAD, and 0.860 for PSAT, while in those with seminal vesicle invasion the respective values were 0.712, 0.703, and 0.882 [10].
• Six genes, ferritin-L chain, ribosomal protein S6, tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2, neuroendocrine secretory protein 55, phosphoserine aminotransferase, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, heretofore were not known to be up-regulated during keratinocyte differentiation [11].

Associations of PSAT1 with chemical compounds

• 8-Amino-7-oxononanoate synthase is closely related to both subgroup I and II, and isopenicillin-N-epimerase to subgroup IV with serine and phosphoserine aminotransferase [12].
• The lower Psat of the older hybrids was not due to stomatal limitation, as there was no significant difference in stomatal conductance (gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) between the hybrids [8].
• The Department of Critical Care Medicine's Patient Safety and Adverse Events Team (PSAT), utilized the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) tool to review the process and conditions surrounding the ordering and administration of potassium chloride (KCI) and potassium phosphate (KPO4) in our ICUs [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PSAT1

• CONCLUSION: PSAT provides superior preoperative prediction of extracapsular tumor invasion, which appears to be useful in treatment selection (e.g. total prostatectomy) [10].
• PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 1997 to June 1999, the f/tPSA and PSAT were measured in 105 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided systemic biopsies and had a PSA level of 4.1-10.0 ng/mL, with an apparently normal prostate on a digital rectal examination [3].
• The major diagnostic efficacy was obtained with the excess of PSA (73%, cutoff = -13 ng/ml), followed by DRE (68%), PSAT (64%, cutoff = 0.5), PSAD (64%, cutoff = 0.2), and lastly PSA and ultrasonography (60%) [14].
• Objectives Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) has been well profiled in experimental studies in university emergency departments [15].

References