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Gene Review:

IL31 - interleukin 31

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: IL-31, Interleukin-31

Bilsborough, J. et al., Chen, Q. et al., Sonkoly, E. et al., Chattopadhyay, S. et al., Diveu, C. et al., et al.

Bilsborough, Leung, Maurer, Howell, Boguniewcz, Yao, Storey, LeCiel, Harder, Gross, Takaoka, Arai, Sugimoto, Yamaguchi, Tanaka, Nakaike, Broxmeyer, Li, Hangoc, Cooper, Tao, Mantel, Graham-Evans, Ghilardi, de Sauvage,

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Disease relevance of IL31

IL-31 is associated with cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive skin homing T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis [1].
CONCLUSION: We provide evidence that IL-31 expression is associated with CLA(+) T cells and might contribute to the development of AD-induced skin inflammation and pruritus [1].
Moreover, circulating CLA(+) T cells from patients with AD, but not from patients with psoriasis, are capable of producing higher levels of IL-31 compared with CLA(+) T cells from healthy individuals [1].
BACKGROUND: IL-31 is a newly discovered T-cell cytokine that, when overexpressed in mice, results in pruritus and skin dermatitis resembling human atopic dermatitis (AD) [1].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of human IL-31 in pruritic and nonpruritic inflammatory skin diseases [2].

High impact information on IL31

Interleukin (IL) 31Ralpha (glycoprotein 130-like monocyte receptor and glycoprotein 130-like receptor) heterodimerizes with oncostatin M receptor beta to bind IL-31, a cytokine expressed preferentially by CD4(+) T helper type 2 (Th2) cells [3].
Interleukin-31 and oncostatin-m mediate distinct signaling reactions and response patterns in lung epithelial cells [4].
Because the response of epithelial cells to IL-31 is unknown, the action of IL-31 was characterized in the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549 in which the expression of the ligand-binding IL-31Ralpha subunit was increased [4].
IL31 mRNA and protein expression is largely restricted to CD45RO(+) (memory) CLA(+) T cells in peripheral blood of patients with AD and healthy volunteers [1].
OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the expression of IL-31 and IL-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) in skin biopsy specimens and peripheral blood cells from patients with AD and healthy individuals [1].

Chemical compound and disease context of IL31

Moreover, IL-31 expression was analyzed in nonlesional skin of atopic dermatitis patients after allergen or superantigen exposure, as well as in stimulated leukocytes [2].

Biological context of IL31

The tissue distribution of the IL-31 receptor heterodimer was investigated by DNA microarray analysis [2].
Because OSM-Rbeta-deficient animals have reduced hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) and OSM has effects on and is involved in homeostasis of HPC, we studied whether IL-31 and IL-31R play a role in hematopoiesis [5].
A recent study reported the involvement of GPL, together with OSMR, in the formation of the receptor complex for IL-31, a novel immune cytokine with a skin tropism [6].

Anatomical context of IL31

IL-31 protein production by skin-homing cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)-positive T cells was also assessed [1].
Analysis of the soluble receptor distribution revealed a preferential expression in lung, liver, pancreas, and placenta. sOSMR was able to bind OSM and interleukin-31 when associated to soluble gp130 or soluble interleukin-31R, respectively, and to neutralize both cytokine properties [7].
In vitro, staphylococcal enterotoxin B but not viruses or T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines induced IL-31 in leukocytes [2].
IL-31 receptor A showed most abundant expression in dorsal root ganglia representing the site where the cell bodies of cutaneous sensory neurons reside [2].
For example, the discovery of IL-27 has greatly improved our understanding of the factors regulating the polarization of the T helper cell responses and IL-31 appears to be an important regulator of Th2 responses [8].

Other interactions of IL31

SHP-2 and Shc adapter molecules are also recruited and contribute to an increased activation of the MAP kinase pathway in response to IL-31 [6].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of IL31

METHODS: Expression of IL-31 and IL-31RA was evaluated in skin biopsy specimens from patients with AD and healthy individuals by means of immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR [1].
METHODS: The expression of IL-31 was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR in skin samples of healthy individuals and patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases [2].
To search for the pruritogen of atopic dermatitis, a characteristic symptom in atopic dermatitis patients, we examined interleukin-31 (IL-31) mRNA expression in NC/Nga mice as an animal model of atopic dermatitis [9].

References

IL-31 is associated with cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive skin homing T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. Bilsborough, J., Leung, D.Y., Maurer, M., Howell, M., Boguniewcz, M., Yao, L., Storey, H., LeCiel, C., Harder, B., Gross, J.A. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2006) [Pubmed]
IL-31: a new link between T cells and pruritus in atopic skin inflammation. Sonkoly, E., Muller, A., Lauerma, A.I., Pivarcsi, A., Soto, H., Kemeny, L., Alenius, H., Dieu-Nosjean, M.C., Meller, S., Rieker, J., Steinhoff, M., Hoffmann, T.K., Ruzicka, T., Zlotnik, A., Homey, B. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2006) [Pubmed]
IL-31-IL-31R interactions negatively regulate type 2 inflammation in the lung. Perrigoue, J.G., Li, J., Zaph, C., Goldschmidt, M., Scott, P., de Sauvage, F.J., Pearce, E.J., Ghilardi, N., Artis, D. J. Exp. Med. (2007) [Pubmed]
Interleukin-31 and oncostatin-m mediate distinct signaling reactions and response patterns in lung epithelial cells. Chattopadhyay, S., Tracy, E., Liang, P., Robledo, O., Rose-John, S., Baumann, H. J. Biol. Chem. (2007) [Pubmed]
Regulation of myeloid progenitor cell proliferation/survival by IL-31 receptor and IL-31. Broxmeyer, H.E., Li, J., Hangoc, G., Cooper, S., Tao, W., Mantel, C., Graham-Evans, B., Ghilardi, N., de Sauvage, F.J. Exp. Hematol. (2007) [Pubmed]
Predominant expression of the long isoform of GP130-like (GPL) receptor is required for interleukin-31 signaling. Diveu, C., Lak-Hal, A.H., Froger, J., Ravon, E., Grimaud, L., Barbier, F., Hermann, J., Gascan, H., Chevalier, S. Eur. Cytokine Netw. (2004) [Pubmed]
Molecular and functional characterization of a soluble form of oncostatin m/interleukin-31 shared receptor. Diveu, C., Venereau, E., Froger, J., Ravon, E., Grimaud, L., Rousseau, F., Chevalier, S., Gascan, H. J. Biol. Chem. (2006) [Pubmed]
The newest interleukins: recent additions to the ever-growing cytokine family. Chen, Q., Carroll, H.P., Gadina, M. Vitam. Horm. (2006) [Pubmed]
Expression of IL-31 gene transcripts in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis. Takaoka, A., Arai, I., Sugimoto, M., Yamaguchi, A., Tanaka, M., Nakaike, S. Eur. J. Pharmacol. (2005) [Pubmed]

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