Disease relevance of ACE

• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been demonstrated to protect spontaneously hypertensive rats from cerebral ischemia [1].
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme distribution and hypoxia response in mammal, bird, and fish [2].

High impact information on ACE

• Influence of vascular smooth muscle heterogeneity on angiotensin converting enzyme activity in chicken embryonic aorta and in endothelial cells in culture [3].
• Therefore, we measured angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in homogenates of chicken thoracic and abdominal aorta at different embryonic stages (days 10, 14, and 18 of gestation) [3].
• Administration of captopril, the inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), to LS-chickens lowered the aldosterone serum concentration without affecting the renin concentration [4].
• We have examined the effects of pravastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase inhibitor and quinapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, on atherosclerosis development in MDV infected, cholesterol fed rooster chicks [5].
• The evaluated drugs included six antihypertensives (two calcium channel blockers, an angiotensin receptor antagonist, and three inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme) and eight analgesics [6].

Biological context of ACE

• To elucidate the mechanism of neuroprotection the influence of these angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on glutamate-, staurosporine- or Fe2+/3+-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and neuronal cell death in primary cultures from chick embryo telencephalons was studied [1].
• In this study, we investigated the effects of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) on arterial blood pressure (BP), plasma noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity [7].
• High doses of CyA and testosterone caused severe suppression (P less than 0.01) of semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility and angiotensin converting enzyme activity (ACE EC 3.4.15.1) [8].

Anatomical context of ACE

• After incubating membranes and cells with (Leu5)-enkephalin, we found that, contrary to the present opinion, the enkephalinase A is located on the glial cells, whereas the neuronal cells possess angiotensin-converting enzyme [9].
• Presence of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) in female reproductive tract and its interaction with semen has been investigated in domestic fowl [10].
• Effects of cyproterone acetate and testosterone treatments on some physical parameters, angiotensin converting enzyme activity and fertilizing ability of spermatozoa of domestic cocks (Gallus domesticus) [8].

Associations of ACE with chemical compounds

• In contrast, enalapril (another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) substantially increased porphyrin accumulation when given in high concentrations [6].
• Losartan (an angiotensin receptor antagonist), captopril, or lisinopril (two angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors) produced only small increases in porphyrin accumulation [6].
• The action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor lisinopril on the consequences of myocardial reoxygenation and oxidative damage was assessed in cultured chick embryonic ventricular cardiomyocytes [11].
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) performs two contrasting enzymatic effects: as part of the renin-angiotensin system it converts angiotensin I into physiologically active angiotensin II, and it inactivates a number of peptides, e.g. substance P [12].
• Changes in plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and noradrenaline responses to long-term nitric oxide inhibition vary depending on their basal values in chickens [7].

Other interactions of ACE

• Chicken lacks the testis specific isozyme of angiotensin converting enzyme found in mammals [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ACE

• On the other hand, blood pressure reduction with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, calcium-channel-blocking agents, beta or alpha-receptor blocking drugs leads to a significant improvement of blood rheology [14].

References