Disease relevance of ITSN2

• No relationship between the reduction of SWA and duration of illness was found, while a relationship between SWA decrease and the level of emaciation (body mass index) was present [1].
• After termination of the torpor-associated hypothermia, there is an initial high electroenecephalogram (EEG) slow-wave activity (SWA; 0.75-4.0 Hz) and a subsequent monotonic decline [2].
• The mouse counterpart of one of these genes, intersectin 2, was expressed dramatically, as measured by ear edema, in 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-induced mouse contact dermatitis and in NC/Nga mouse dermatitis [3].
• Cytokine responses (interferon [IFN]-gamma, interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4 and IL-5) to Schistosoma mansoni adult worm antigen (SWA), Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins (CFPs) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were measured in a whole blood assay [4].
• HIV seropositivity in east Caprivi, SWA/Namibia [5].

Psychiatry related information on ITSN2

• CONCLUSIONS: Sleep of anorectic patients seems to be characterized by an impairment of SWA-producing mechanisms independent of the increased sleep fragmentation [1].
• It has been postulated that there is a relation between the rate of improvement in neurobehavioral functioning and rate of decline of slow-wave sleep and/or slow-wave activity (SWS/SWA) during sleep, but this has not been verified [6].
• MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Anorectics had an increase of wakefulness after sleep onset, a higher number of arousals, and a reduction of SWS and SWA during total sleep time [1].
• Slow-wave sleep [SWS, i.e. stages 3 + 4 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and slow wave activity (SWA, mean EEG power density in the range of 0.75-4.5 Hz)] in NREM sleep attained highest values in the first 3 hr of sleep and lowest values in the morning hours when rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was at its maximum [7].
• It is well established that slow-wave activity [SWA; mean electroencephalographic (EEG) power density in the 0.75-4.0 Hz band] in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is a function of the prior history of sleep and wakefulness [8].

High impact information on ITSN2

• The intersectin 2 adaptor links Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp)-mediated actin polymerization to T cell antigen receptor endocytosis [9].
• Intersectin 2, but not a DH domain-deleted (DeltaDH) form of intersectin 2, and stimulation via the TCR also trigger the activation of cdc42 [9].
• Here we report that WASp associates in T cells with intersectin 2, an endocytic adaptor containing multiple domains including a Dbl homology (DH) domain with the potential to activate Rho GTPases [9].
• Induction of TCR internalization is also augmented by intersectin 2 and severely impaired by latrunculin B treatment [9].
• In the night following caffeine administration, stage 4 sleep had reverted to the baseline level, but sleep latency was still increased, and stage 2 sleep, as well as SWA in the first NREMS episode, were reduced [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of ITSN2

• Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been described in East, Central and West Africa. We report on 2 patients with probable chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria in south-western Africa. Both patients had been in northern SWA/Namibia and southern Angola, but had taken prophylactic chloroquine [11].

Biological context of ITSN2

• Alternative splicing of ITSN2 generates a short isoform with two EH domains, a coiled-coil region and five SH3 domains, and a longer isoform containing extra carboxy domains (DH, PH and C2 domains), suggesting that it could act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho-like GTPases [12].
• Human intersectins 1 and 2 (ITSN1 and ITSN2) are conserved proteins involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis [13].
• Whereas rectal temperature before onset and during the first 4 hours of sleep was higher after BL than after DL, the time course of electroencephalographic (EEG) slow-wave activity (SWA, EEG power density in the range of 0.75-4.5 Hz) in nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) differed only slightly between the conditions [14].
• The data are not in support of a close relationship between SWA and core body temperature [14].
• This hypothesis has recently been questioned because the increase in SWA disappears in ground squirrels when sleep deprived immediately following hibernation [15].

Associations of ITSN2 with chemical compounds

• THIP has been reported to increase EEG slow-wave activity (SWA; EEG power in the 0.75-4 Hz band) in non-REM (NREM) sleep in both rats and humans [16].
• U.S. Air Force Tactical Air Command (TAC) aircrew who deployed to the Southwest Asia Area of Responsibility (SWA AOR) for Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm were retrospectively surveyed to determine the extent and effectiveness of dextroamphetamine use in support of sustained flying operations [17].
• In vitro histamine-release induced by S. mansoni egg (SEA) or worm (SWA) Ags or anti-IgE antibody, was significantly reduced 1-day post-treatment [18].
• As the first part of a prospective epidemiological study of the lung function and dust exposure of workers at the Rössing Uranium Mine in SWA/Namibia, various measurements of lung function of 1,407 workers were carried out [19].
• Serum vitamin C, vitamin A and carotene values in infants in SWA/Namibia [20].

Co-localisations of ITSN2

• Intersectin 2 isoforms show a subcellular distribution similar to other components of the endocytic machinery and co-localize with Eps15 [12].

Other interactions of ITSN2

• Here we report the characterization of a new human gene, ITSN2, highly similar to ITSN1 [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ITSN2

• A positive correlation (r2 = .58, p < .01) between body mass index and the amount of SWA was found [21].
• Total sleep time and EEG slow-wave activity (SWA, spectral power within 0.75-4.5 Hz) in nonREM sleep (stages 1-4) were not changed [22].
• Our aim was to investigate the dynamics of SWA in the EEG of two brain regions (frontal and occipital cortex) after sleep deprivation (SD) in two of the mice strains most often used in gene targeting [8].
• PURPOSE: To examine the reliability and validity of the SWA during rest and exercise compared with indirect calorimetry (IC) [23].
• METHODS: EE was assessed with SWA and IC in 13 males during two resting and one cycle ergometry (40 min at 60% VO2peak) sessions [23].

References