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MeSH Review:

Carcinoma, Merkel Cell

Shah, I.A. et al., Van Gele, M. et al., Fernández-Figueras, M.T. et al., Gooptu, C. et al., Castagnoli, A. et al., et al.

Coleman, Smith-Zagone, Tanyi, Anderson, Coleman, Dyson, Reed, Fernández-Figueras, Puig, Musulen, Gilaberte, Ferrándiz, Lerma, Ariza, Poulsen, Rischin, Walpole, Harvey, Mackintosh, Ainslie, Hamilton, Keller, Tripcony, Kurokawa, Nabeshima, Akiyama, Maeda, Nishida, Nakayama, Amano, Ogata, Setoyama, Dong, Liu, Cohen, Mahle, Zhang, Feinmesser, Halpern, Kaganovsky, Brenner, Fenig, Hodak, Sulkes, Okon, García-Caballero, Pintos, Gallego, Parrado, Blanco, Bjornhagen, Forteza, Beiras, McNiff, Cowper, Lazova, Subtil, Glusac, Han, Soler, Tang, Knudsen, Salazar, Poulsen, Rischin, Walpole, Harvey, Macintosh, Ainslie, Hamilton, Keller, Tripcony,

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Disease relevance of Carcinoma, Merkel Cell

Positive expression of CK20 in primary small cell carcinoma of the vagina might represent a Merkel cell carcinoma subtype of this tumor [1].
We have encountered cases of Merkel cell carcinoma expressing PAX-5 during our routine evaluation of lymphoma [2].
PURPOSE: The acute and late toxicities of synchronous carboplatin, etoposide, and radiation therapy were prospectively assessed in a group of patients with high-risk Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin [3].
To differentiate Merkel-cell tumor (MCT) from other neuroendocrine (NE) carcinomas, we immunostained (using avidin-biotin-peroxidase method) nine MCT and 37 NE (including 28 small-cell) carcinomas for NE markers (neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin), cytokeratin, neurofilament, vimentin, and a number of other markers [4].
AIMS: To compare the immunohistochemical expression of prognostic markers p27(Kip1), p45(Skp2) and Ki67 in Merkel cell carcinoma (primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, MCC), small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung and urinary bladder (SNC), and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [5].

High impact information on Carcinoma, Merkel Cell

PURPOSE: The effectiveness of synchronous carboplatin, etoposide, and radiation therapy was prospectively assessed in a group of patients with high-risk Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the skin [6].
In contrast to SCLC, amplification in Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare event [7].
Aberrant FHIT transcripts in Merkel cell carcinoma [8].
High Bcl-2 expression leading to prolonged survival of cells may therefore be of importance in the biological and clinical characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma [9].
Mutation analysis of P73 and TP53 in Merkel cell carcinoma [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Carcinoma, Merkel Cell

Merkel cell carcinoma and iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine scan [11].
Response to high dose cyclophosphamide with GM-CSF in Merkel cell tumor [12].
Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic demonstration of chromogranin A in formalin-fixed tissue of Merkel cell carcinoma [13].
BACKGROUND: Optimal treatment of primary Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is unknown [14].
We suggest that Merkel cell carcinoma may be seen more commonly in immunosuppressed patients than in the normal population and that the oncogenic potential of azathioprine and cyclosporin should be borne in mind when prescribing these drugs [15].

Biological context of Carcinoma, Merkel Cell

Merkel cells and Merkel cell carcinoma express the BCL-2 proto-oncogene [16].
Pharmacokinetics of carboplatin and etoposide in a haemodialysis patient with Merkel-cell carcinoma [17].
On immunochemistry, the blasts showed "bot" positive cytoplasmic staining for cytokeratins AE1/AE3 and CAM 5.2, resembling the pattern seen in Merkel cell carcinoma of skin [18].

Anatomical context of Carcinoma, Merkel Cell

In view of the occurrence of 1p deletions in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and the location of p73 we decided to search for mutations in the p73 gene in five MCC cell lines and ten MCC tumours to test potential tumour suppressor function for this gene in MCC [10].
Immunostaining for cytokeratin 20 improves detection of micrometastatic Merkel cell carcinoma in sentinel lymph nodes [19].
Immunohistochemical demonstration of simple epithelia-type keratin intermediate filament in a case of Merkel cell carcinoma [20].
CD56 staining in Merkel cell carcinoma and natural killer-cell lymphoma: Magic bullet, diagnostic pitfall, or both [21]?

Gene context of Carcinoma, Merkel Cell

Nuclear localization of E-cadherin expression in Merkel cell carcinoma [22].
CD56: a useful marker for diagnosing Merkel cell carcinoma [23].
c-kit expression in primary and metastatic merkel cell carcinoma [24].
T1796A BRAF mutation is absent in Merkel cell carcinoma [25].
We retrospectively studied 25 cases of cutaneous primary, locally recurrent or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma to see if expression of the cell surface marker CD44 correlated with metastatic potential [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Carcinoma, Merkel Cell

Two cases of Merkel cell carcinoma, a neuroendocrine neoplasia of the skin, investigated with iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-mIBG) scintigraphy, are reported [11].
Electron microscopy of Merkel cell carcinoma from formalin-fixed tissue [27].
METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-one cases of Merkel cell carcinoma and three samples of normal human fingertip were selected to analyse the expression of MOC-31/Ep-CAM by immunohistochemistry [28].
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of Merkel-cell carcinoma appearing in a patient soon after treatment with fludarabine and/or rituximab [29].
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy was performed on an intraparotid lymph node metastasis of a Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid in a 15-year-old girl with antecedent ectodermal dysplasia syndrome [30].

References

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B-cell specific activation protein encoded by the PAX-5 gene is commonly expressed in merkel cell carcinoma and small cell carcinomas. Dong, H.Y., Liu, W., Cohen, P., Mahle, C.E., Zhang, W. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. (2005) [Pubmed]
Analysis of toxicity of Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin treated with synchronous carboplatin/etoposide and radiation: a Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group study. Poulsen, M., Rischin, D., Walpole, E., Harvey, J., Macintosh, J., Ainslie, J., Hamilton, C., Keller, J., Tripcony, L. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. (2001) [Pubmed]
Neurofilament immunoreactivity in Merkel-cell tumors: a differentiating feature from small-cell carcinoma. Shah, I.A., Netto, D., Schlageter, M.O., Muth, C., Fox, I., Manne, R.K. Mod. Pathol. (1993) [Pubmed]
Prognostic significance of p27Kip1, p45Skp2 and Ki67 expression profiles in Merkel cell carcinoma, extracutaneous small cell carcinoma, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Fernández-Figueras, M.T., Puig, L., Musulen, E., Gilaberte, M., Ferrándiz, C., Lerma, E., Ariza, A. Histopathology (2005) [Pubmed]
High-risk Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin treated with synchronous carboplatin/etoposide and radiation: a Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group Study--TROG 96:07. Poulsen, M., Rischin, D., Walpole, E., Harvey, J., Mackintosh, J., Ainslie, J., Hamilton, C., Keller, J., Tripcony, L. J. Clin. Oncol. (2003) [Pubmed]
Characteristic pattern of chromosomal gains and losses in Merkel cell carcinoma detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Van Gele, M., Speleman, F., Vandesompele, J., Van Roy, N., Leonard, J.H. Cancer Res. (1998) [Pubmed]
Aberrant FHIT transcripts in Merkel cell carcinoma. Sozzi, G., Alder, H., Tornielli, S., Corletto, V., Baffa, R., Veronese, M.L., Negrini, M., Pilotti, S., Pierotti, M.A., Huebner, K., Croce, C.M. Cancer Res. (1996) [Pubmed]
Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides (G3139) inhibit Merkel cell carcinoma growth in SCID mice. Schlagbauer-Wadl, H., Klosner, G., Heere-Ress, E., Waltering, S., Moll, I., Wolff, K., Pehamberger, H., Jansen, B. J. Invest. Dermatol. (2000) [Pubmed]
Mutation analysis of P73 and TP53 in Merkel cell carcinoma. Van Gele, M., Kaghad, M., Leonard, J.H., Van Roy, N., Naeyaert, J.M., Geerts, M.L., Van Belle, S., Cocquyt, V., Bridge, J., Sciot, R., De Wolf-Peeters, C., De Paepe, A., Caput, D., Speleman, F. Br. J. Cancer (2000) [Pubmed]
Merkel cell carcinoma and iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine scan. Castagnoli, A., Biti, G., De Cristofaro, M.T., Ferri, P., Magrini, S.M., Papi, M.G., Bianchi, S. European journal of nuclear medicine. (1992) [Pubmed]
Response to high dose cyclophosphamide with GM-CSF in Merkel cell tumor. Stock, W., Lichtman, S., Ratain, M.J., O'Brein, S., Vogelzang, N.J., Van Echo, D.A. Ann. Oncol. (1991) [Pubmed]
Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic demonstration of chromogranin A in formalin-fixed tissue of Merkel cell carcinoma. Haneke, E., Schulze, H.J., Mahrle, G. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (1993) [Pubmed]
Local control of primary Merkel cell carcinoma: review of 45 cases treated with Mohs micrographic surgery with and without adjuvant radiation. Boyer, J.D., Zitelli, J.A., Brodland, D.G., D'Angelo, G. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2002) [Pubmed]
Merkel cell carcinoma arising after therapeutic immunosuppression. Gooptu, C., Woollons, A., Ross, J., Price, M., Wojnarowska, F., Morris, P.J., Wall, S., Bunker, C.B. Br. J. Dermatol. (1997) [Pubmed]
Merkel cells and Merkel cell carcinoma express the BCL-2 proto-oncogene. Plettenberg, A., Pammer, J., Tschachler, E. Exp. Dermatol. (1996) [Pubmed]
Pharmacokinetics of carboplatin and etoposide in a haemodialysis patient with Merkel-cell carcinoma. Suzuki, S., Koide, M., Sakamoto, S., Matsuo, T. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. (1997) [Pubmed]
A case of keratin-positive acute myeloid leukemia: a possible role for cytokeratin 19 as a specific epithelial marker. Turner, J.J., Milliken, S. Pathology. (2000) [Pubmed]
Immunostaining for cytokeratin 20 improves detection of micrometastatic Merkel cell carcinoma in sentinel lymph nodes. Su, L.D., Lowe, L., Bradford, C.R., Yahanda, A.I., Johnson, T.M., Sondak, V.K. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2002) [Pubmed]
Immunohistochemical demonstration of simple epithelia-type keratin intermediate filament in a case of Merkel cell carcinoma. Tazawa, T., Ito, M., Okuda, C., Sato, Y. Archives of dermatology. (1987) [Pubmed]
CD56 staining in Merkel cell carcinoma and natural killer-cell lymphoma: magic bullet, diagnostic pitfall, or both? McNiff, J.M., Cowper, S.E., Lazova, R., Subtil, A., Glusac, E.J. J. Cutan. Pathol. (2005) [Pubmed]
Nuclear localization of E-cadherin expression in Merkel cell carcinoma. Han, A.C., Soler, A.P., Tang, C.K., Knudsen, K.A., Salazar, H. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. (2000) [Pubmed]
CD56: a useful marker for diagnosing Merkel cell carcinoma. Kurokawa, M., Nabeshima, K., Akiyama, Y., Maeda, S., Nishida, T., Nakayama, F., Amano, M., Ogata, K., Setoyama, M. J. Dermatol. Sci. (2003) [Pubmed]
c-kit expression in primary and metastatic merkel cell carcinoma. Feinmesser, M., Halpern, M., Kaganovsky, E., Brenner, B., Fenig, E., Hodak, E., Sulkes, J., Okon, E. The American Journal of dermatopathology. (2004) [Pubmed]
T1796A BRAF mutation is absent in Merkel cell carcinoma. Worda, M., Sreevidya, C.S., Ananthaswamy, H.N., Cerroni, L., Kerl, H., Wolf, P. Br. J. Dermatol. (2005) [Pubmed]
CD44 expression in Merkel cell carcinoma may correlate with risk of metastasis. Penneys, N.S., Shapiro, S. J. Cutan. Pathol. (1994) [Pubmed]
Electron microscopy of Merkel cell carcinoma from formalin-fixed tissue. Haneke, E. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (1985) [Pubmed]
MOC-31/Ep-CAM immunoreactivity in Merkel cells and Merkel cell carcinomas. García-Caballero, T., Pintos, E., Gallego, R., Parrado, C., Blanco, M., Bjornhagen, V., Forteza, J., Beiras, A. Histopathology (2003) [Pubmed]
Development and rapid dissemination of Merkel-cell carcinomatosis following therapy with fludarabine and rituximab for relapsing follicular lymphoma. Cohen, Y., Amir, G., Polliack, A. Eur. J. Haematol. (2002) [Pubmed]
Parotid metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma in a young patient with ectodermal dysplasia. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology and immunocytochemistry. Gherardi, G., Marveggio, C., Stiglich, F. Acta Cytol. (1990) [Pubmed]

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