Disease relevance of Self Mutilation

• Severe deficiency of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) in man results in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, an X-linked neurological disorder characterized by mental retardation, choreoathetosis and a compulsive tendency towards self-mutilation [1].
• 5-HTP produced a significant reduction of athetoid movement and a sedative effect but did not improve the patient's mood or reduce self-mutilation [2].
• Obesity and self-mutilation are discussed with regard to the use of fluoxetine and naltrexone [3].
• The classical LND phenotype occurs almost exclusively in males, manifested in excessive purine production and characteristic neurological manifestations, including compulsive self-mutilation, choreoathetosis, spasticity, and occasionally developmental delay [4].
• Patients with this syndrome are characterized by hyperuricemia, self-mutilation, developmental retardation, and movement disorders such as spasticity and dystonia [5].

Psychiatry related information on Self Mutilation

• An increased serotonergic action in the striatum may be crucial for the appearance of self-injurious behavior, and pharmacological evidence suggests the efficacy of serotonin agonists/antagonists for the treatment of the self-mutilation in LNS [6].
• Repetitive self-mutilation among Japanese eating disorder patients with drug use disorder: comparison with patients with methamphetamine use disorder [7].

High impact information on Self Mutilation

• Both self-mutilation and impulsivity showed significant negative correlations with Bmax, although the two groups did not differ in CSF 5-HIAA levels or in platelet imipramine binding [8].
• A more intensive study was done of another individual who committed murder and self-mutilation under the influence of PCP [9].
• It is manifest by behavioral abnormalities, including self-mutilation, and evidence of abnormal 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) metabolism [10].
• It appears, therefore, that the caffeine model is not a true model for the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, or alternatively, that the deficit in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase is coincidental and not a main key to the multifarious aspects of the syndrome, particularly the self-mutilation [11].
• These behaviors typically involved an oral component and included grooming and mouthing following SKF-38393 in depleted 10-day-old pups, mouthing following administration of either agonist to depleted weanlings, and probing and intense self-mutilation (forepaw and tongue biting) following the combined agonists in depleted weanlings [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Self Mutilation

• SCH-12679 antagonized the self-mutilation behavior and behavioral responses induced by L-dihydroxyphenylalanine in neonatal-6-OHDA lesioned rats in a manner similar to the prototypic D1-dopamine antagonist SCH-23390 and, like SCH-23390, produced a deficit in avoidance responding in unlesioned rats [13].
• The 75% weight group showed stereotypy, self-mutilation and large variability in daily etonitazene intake [14].
• When 30 ng muscimol was administered bilaterally into the SNR, self-mutilation behavior (SMB) was observed in 2/11 of the control unlesioned rats, in 0/8 adult 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, and in 11/11 of the neonatally-lesioned rats tested [15].
• Autotomy, or self-mutilation of the foot following sciatic and saphenous nerve lesions, was examined in rats after pretreatment of the sciatic nerve with capsaicin [16].
• The effect of diphenylhydantoin on self-mutilation in rats produced by unilateral multiple dorsal rhizotomy [17].

Anatomical context of Self Mutilation

• A further role for central mechanisms was indicated since referred hyperalgesia--the enhancement of self-mutilation (autotomy) of a denervated limb which had previously sustained a heat injury--was reduced by spinal anesthesia or a combined blocking of C-fiber afferents and sympathetic efferents with intrathecal capsaicin + guanethidine [18].

Gene context of Self Mutilation

• NPY, galanin and two NPY receptors (Y-Rs) were analyzed as well as self-mutilation behaviour (autotomy) and nociceptive thresholds [19].
• We report on a 10-year-old girl with anhidrosis and insensibility to pain, but no severe mental retardation or self-mutilation, diagnosed as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN IV) [20].
• Lesch-Nyhan variant: dystonia, ataxia, near-normal intelligence, and no self-mutilation [21].
• She had neurophysiologic evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome, and consequent insensitivity to pain, which could explain the self-mutilation [22].
• Patients with a history of self-mutilation or suicide had blunted prolactin and cortisol responses to D,L-fenfluramine compared to those with neither, and those with both had the most blunted responses to fenfluramine [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Self Mutilation

• Although 3 patients experienced self-mutilation, no consistent abnormalities were found in the temperature-stability of their HGPRT at 4 degrees C and 70 degrees C, or in isoelectrofocusing of HGPRT purified by immunoprecipitation [24].
• The habitual self-mutilation group had significantly higher scores on the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Bulimia Investigatory Test of Edinburgh, and Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale than either of the two control groups (P < 0.001) [25].

References