Disease relevance of Onychomycosis

• Dermatophytosis and onychomycosis and cryptococcuria also improved in the fluconazole-treated patients, and fungal colonization was significantly decreased [1].
• Oral terbinafine 250 mg/day is effective in the treatment of superficial dermatophyte infections such as onychomycosis, tinea pedis and tinea corporis/cruris, generally achieving mycological cure in > 80% of patients [2].
• The introduction of topical nystatin for candidiasis and tolnaftate for dermatophytosis were major advances, but tinea capitis, onychomycosis, and chronic tinea pedis still presented problems [3].
• Preliminary studies in other superficial skin and nail infections/dermatoses suggest that bifonazole may be useful for treating onychomycoses (in a combination cream; bifonazole 1% plus urea 40%), otomycoses, erythrasma, sebopsoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and rosacea [4].
• Treatment of onychomycosis with terbinafine in patients with Down's syndrome [5].

Psychiatry related information on Onychomycosis

• CONCLUSION: In conclusion, treatment decision-making tools (e.g. an illustrated booklet or CD-ROM presenting each type of onychomycosis and criteria to be considered before selecting treatment regimen) would be valuable supports for the successful treatment of onychomycoses [6].

High impact information on Onychomycosis

• Itraconazole is a synthetic antifungal agent approved in the USA for the treatment of onychomycosis and serious systemic fungal infections [7].
• Older antifungal agents (ketoconazole and griseofulvin) are unsuitable for onychomycosis because of their relatively poor efficacy and potential adverse effects [8].
• Terbinafine, an allylamine used to treat onychomycosis, has been reported to be active against rat Pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo [9].
• At present, the major potential indication for topical amorolfine appears to be onychomycosis [10].
• These pharmacokinetic properties are likely an underlying factor in the shorter treatment times and good clinical cure rates which have been reported for terbinafine in the therapy of onychomycoses and dermatomycoses [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Onychomycosis

• However, further studies are needed to establish the role of ciclopirox in the treatment of onychomycoses and dermatomycoses relative to that of the more recently introduced antigungal agents [12].
• Ciclopirox olamine penetrates through fingernails and in preliminary studies has been successfully used in onychomycoses [12].
• Update on the management of onychomycosis: highlights of the Third Annual International Summit on Cutaneous Antifungal Therapy [13].

Biological context of Onychomycosis

• Pharmacokinetics of three once-weekly dosages of fluconazole (150, 300, or 450 mg) in distal subungual onychomycosis of the fingernail [14].
• Based on the advances in our understanding of the pharmacokinetics of itraconazole, we investigated the efficacy and nail kinetics of intermittent pulse-dosing therapy with oral itraconazole in patients who were suffering from onychomycosis [15].
• Ravuconazole has shown efficacy in candidiasis in immunocompromised patients, and onychomycosis in healthy patients [16].
• The study results confirm the safety of terbinafine in the population at large and show no differences for either the elderly or diabetic patients, who are at increased risk for onychomycosis and who frequently take concomitant medications with potential for drug interactions [17].
• The purpose of this study, which involved two dermatology clinics and two podiatric medical clinics, was to determine whether a difference exists in patient-reported satisfaction and compliance between continuous terbinafine therapy and pulse-dose itraconazole therapy for the treatment of toenail onychomycosis [18].

Gene context of Onychomycosis

• We aimed to establish the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and organisms causing onychomycosis in SLE patients compared with controls [19].
• Polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of dermatophyte and Scytalidium spp. onychomycosis [20].
• METHODS: Nail specimens from 10 patients with onychomycosis due to T. rubrum were cultured and five colonies per culture plate were selected for molecular strain typing [21].
• Samples were obtained when abnormal nails were found: distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO), white superficial, proximal subungual (PSO), endonyx, and total dystrophic (TDO) [19].
• A combination of alkali treatment and proteinase K digestion was used to solubilize nail samples from patients with onychomycosis treated orally with terbinafine [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Onychomycosis

• Hepatic injury during ketoconazole therapy in patients with onychomycosis: a controlled cohort study [23].
• In clinical trials, application of amorolfine 5% nail lacquer once or twice weekly for up to 6 months produced mycological and clinical cure in approximately 40 to 55% of patients with mild onychomycosis 3 months after cessation of therapy [10].
• A multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of intermittent therapy with itraconazole for the treatment of onychomycosis of the fingernail [24].
• RESULTS: Fluconazole was significantly superior to placebo in eradicating clinical and mycologic symptoms of onychomycosis, both at the end of active treatment and at 6 months after treatment (p=0.0001 for all efficacy measures) [25].
• Large-scale epidemiological study of the causal agents of onychomycosis: mycological findings from the Multicenter Onychomycosis Study of Terbinafine [26].

References