Disease relevance of Tinea

• Topical terbinafine 1% formulations are effective when applied once or twice daily for up to 2 weeks, achieving mycological cure in > 80% of patients with tinea pedis, tinea corporis/cruris, cutaneous candidiasis and pityriasis versicolor [1].
• UK-49,858 was also effective orally in curing experimental candidal vaginitis in mice and trichophytosis in guinea pigs, against which it was approximately 10 times more active than ketoconazole [2].
• CONCLUSION: Itraconazole PT is effective and safe in the treatment of tinea pedis/manuum, tinea corporis/cruris, and onychomycosis [3].
• It is concluded that ciclopirox olamine lotion 1% can be used as an alternative to ciclopirox olamine cream 1% for treatment of tinea pedis, tinea versicolor, tinea cruris, tinea corporis, and cutaneous candidiasis when the convenience and/or cosmetic elegance of a lotion is desired [4].
• Fluconazole in the treatment of refractory oral candidiasis and tinea pedis in an elderly patient [5].

Psychiatry related information on Tinea

• Fifty per cent of 56 recently diagnosed leprosy out-patients, 37% of 19 controls with another stigmatised dermatological condition (vitiligo), but only 8% of 12 controls with a comparable non-stigmatised condition (tinea versicolor) met DSM-III-R criteria for an axis I depressive, anxiety or somatoform disorder [6].

High impact information on Tinea

• An increased risk of NMSC has been observed among uranium miners, radiologists, and individuals treated with x rays in childhood for tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp) or for thymic enlargement; NMSC is one of the cancers most strongly associated with the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki [7].
• Cimetidine: adjunct in treatment of tinea capitis [8].
• CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that Trichophyton -specific IgE is observed in patients with trichophytosis regardless of atopy [9].
• On the other hand, topical amorolfine and topical or oral terbinafine were ineffective for tinea unguium, although these drugs eradicated or reduced the fungal burden of plantar skin [10].
• The effectiveness of KP-103 against tinea unguium is probably due to its favorable pharmacokinetic properties in the nails together with its potent antifungal activity [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Tinea

• Treatment of tinea unguium with medium and high doses of ultramicrosize griseofulvin compared with that with itraconazole [11].
• Additionally, oral terbinafine is more effective than ketoconazole 200 mg/day in tinea corporis/cruris [1].
• Its formulations are at least as effective as miconazole 2% cream and naftifine 1% gel in tinea pedis, and more effective than clotrimazole 1% cream, bifonazole 1% cream and oxiconazole 1% lotion [1].
• (i) In the guinea pig dorsal skin trichophytosis model, butenafine produced complete eradication of fungi from infected sites [12].
• The incidence of relapse after topical treatment with butenafine or bifonazole was investigated in a guinea pig interdigital tinea pedis model [13].

Biological context of Tinea

• Epidemiology and treatment of tinea capitis: ketoconazole vs. griseofulvin [14].
• Pharmacokinetics of terbinafine in young children treated for tinea capitis [15].
• BACKGROUND: Scalp ringworm or tinea capitis has become an increasingly important public health issue in the past decade in Great Britain. Recently, certain dermatology departments in London have seen a large increase in tinea capitis in all its forms [16].
• METHOD: Trichophyton rubrum isolates derived from patients with tinea cruris infections were obtained from the Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Wales, U.K. Human stratum corneum sterilized with ethylene oxide was used as a nitrogen source in agar culture medium plates [17].
• Nail-matrix kinetics were studied in 21 patients (19 with onychomycosis, two with tinea corporis) as soon as taking itraconazole (Sporanox) 100 mg daily for up to 7 months [18].

Anatomical context of Tinea

• High cure rates have been obtained in a preliminary study with oral terbinafine, 0.25 g/d, for 12 months, which have cleared toenail tinea in 15 of 17 patients [19].
• Twenty male patients with a diagnosis of tinea versicolor were randomly assigned to two parallel groups who applied selenium sulfide lotion or the vehicle to the entire skin surface, excluding mucous membranes, for 10 minutes once daily for 7 consecutive days [20].

Gene context of Tinea

• A sixfole increase in the risk of thyroid cancer was observed among 10,902 persons irradiated for scalp tinea in childhood as compared to two matched control groups [21].
• CONCLUSIONS: In children who are suspected of having tinea capitis, there is a high likelihood of cultures positive for fungi in those with adenopathy [22].
• Dermatophytes are fungi that can cause infections (known as tinea) of the skin, hair and nails because of their ability to use keratin [23].
• Very high titres detected in sera from crossbred Galloway steers were indicative of recent or existing infection which may have been masked by concurrent ringworm [24].
• In this study, a lack of a Th1 response to dermatophyte antigen was not shown in patients with tinea unguium by measuring the release of IFN-gamma, which plays a role in the effector phase of the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tinea

• In clinical trials, mycological and overall efficacy rates of around 90 and 80%, respectively, have been achieved in cutaneous dermatophyte infections (tinea corporis/cruris and tinea pedis) with terbinafine, administered either orally (250 or 500 mg/day) or topically (a 1% cream applied twice daily) [26].
• In patients with tinea cruris or tinea corporis who received once-daily butenafine 1% for 2 weeks, the mycological and overall cure rates continued to increase for up to 4 weeks after treatment cessation [27].
• Selenium sulfide (2.5%) lotion applied daily for 10 minutes for 7 consecutive days was found to be an effective therapeutic agent, significantly superior to the vehicle, in a double-blind study in the treatment of tinea versicolor [28].
• Itraconazole pulse therapy is effective in the treatment of tinea capitis in children: an open multicentre study [29].
• Randomized single-blind study of efficacy and tolerability of terbinafine in the treatment of tinea capitis [30].

References