Disease relevance of Loprox

• However, further studies are needed to establish the role of ciclopirox in the treatment of onychomycoses and dermatomycoses relative to that of the more recently introduced antigungal agents [1].
• Most forms of dermatophytosis in HIV-positive patients respond well to many topical antifungal agents, such as azoles, terbinafine, and ciclopirox olamine [2].
• Ciclopirox protects mitochondria from hydrogen peroxide toxicity [3].
• Treatment and prophylaxis of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp with antipityrosporal 1% ciclopirox shampoo [4].
• OBJECTIVES: To perform a randomized, vehicle-controlled, double-blind clinical study with an antifungal ciclopiroxolamine (CIC) 1% cream in patients with mild-to-moderate seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face [5].

High impact information on Loprox

• Cell cycle blockers mimosine, ciclopirox, and deferoxamine prevent the death of PC12 cells and postmitotic sympathetic neurons after removal of trophic support [6].
• Mutant p53 stimulates recombination induced by the replication elongation inhibitors (aphidicolin, hydroxyurea and Ara-C) but is without effect on recombination induced by the initiation inhibitors (mimosine and ciclopirox olamine) [7].
• Mimosine, aphidicolin, ALLN, and colcemid disrupted cell cycle integration while compactin and ciclopirox olamine did not [8].
• Treatment with ciclopirox did not directly cause cell membrane damage and did not change intracellular levels of ATP [9].
• Here we report that ciclopirox (CPX) blocks H2O2-induced mitochondrial injury by maintaining mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Deltapsim) [3].

Chemical compound and disease context of Loprox

• Congenital candidal onychomycoses: effective cure with ciclopirox olamine 8% nail lacquer [10].
• The anti-inflammatory activities of eight anti-fungal agents (butoconazole, ciclopirox olamine, fluconazole, miconazole nitrate, sertaconazole nitrate, terconazole, tioconazole and ketoconazole) were compared in a number of preclinical models of dermal inflammation and pruritus [11].
• While butoconazole, ciclopirox olamine, fluconazole, and miconazole nitrate were all found to have anti-inflammatory activity, only sertaconazole nitrate reduced the release of cytokines from activated lymphocytes and mitigated inflammation in animal models of irritant contact dermatitis and neurogenic inflammation [11].
• Nail avulsion followed by long-term occlusive application of ciclopiroxolamine cleared the onychomycosis, whereas the sole and palm infection was resistant to ciclopiroxolamine and glutaraldehyde treatment [12].
• Pharmacoeconomic assessment of ciclopirox topical solution, 8%, oral terbinafine, and oral itraconazole for onychomycosis [13].

Biological context of Loprox

• Ciclopirox has been experimentally used as a cell cycle G1/S phase transition blocker (Hoffman et al., Cytometry 12 (1991) 26) [14].
• In contrast to Ki-67, NIH-353 visualizes a molecular target for antineoplastic therapy, and thus may guide the development and clinical testing of drugs that, like the fungicide ciclopirox, inhibit hypusine formation and cell proliferation [15].
• In rabbit ciclopirox showed a half-life of 2.22 h and an intravaginal bioavailability of about 2% [16].
• The clinical outcome and the effects on morphogenesis and cell ultrastructure induced by a 1% ciclopiroxolamine solution in six patients with proven pityriasis versicolor were studied [17].
• Amorolfine, itraconazole, and ciclopirox nail lacquer solution 8 have gained support globally, but the side effects, drug resistance, and persistence of the disease are still a serious concern to the patients, just as economics and quality of life [18].

Anatomical context of Loprox

• Inclusion of ciclopirox initially increased the MTP, maintained it high, and blocked the ATP depletion in glucose-deprived SIN-1-treated astrocytes [14].
• With repeated applications, the antifungal agent is homogeneously distributed through all layers of the toenail achieving concentrations of ciclopirox in excess of inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations for most pathogens [19].
• Effects of subinhibitory concentrations of ciclopirox on the adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal and vaginal epithelial cells [20].

Associations of Loprox with other chemical compounds

• The present results indicate that ciclopirox protects astrocytes from peroxynitrite cytotoxicity by attenuating peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial dysfunction [14].
• However, ciclopirox did not prevent the depletion of reduced glutathione in glucose-deprived SIN-1-treated astrocytes [14].
• OBJECTIVES: To determine the in vitro susceptibility of fungal organisms to ciclopirox, terbinafine, ketoconazole and itraconazole and to evaluate the in vitro activity and mode of interaction of ciclopirox in combination with either terbinafine or itraconazole [21].
• Clotrimazole had an in vitro inhibitory activity superior to that of the hydroxypyridone ciclopiroxolamine; the latter compound, however, exhibited faster penetration and higher inhibitory or fungicidal activity than the azoles and other antimycotics in the pig skin model [22].
• Experiments with the antifungal drug ciclopiroxolamine, an alpha-hydroxypyridone, and the plant amino acid L: -mimosine, a 4-pyridone, resulted in an antiplasmodial effect in vitro [23].

Gene context of Loprox

• The antimycotic ciclopirox olamine induces HIF-1alpha stability, VEGF expression, and angiogenesis [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Loprox

• Flow cytometry analysis, however, showed that the cytoprotective effect of ciclopirox was not attributed to its inhibition of the cell cycle progression [14].
• Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study on clinical efficacy of ciclopiroxolamine 1% cream in facial seborrhoeic dermatitis [5].
• METHODS: Two identically designed, double-blind, vehicle controlled, parallel group multicenter studies were performed in the United States to evaluate the use of ciclopirox nail lacquer to treat mild to moderate toe onychomycosis caused by dermatophytes [25].
• After treatment with ciclopirox shampoo once or twice weekly or vehicle for 4 weeks (study segment A), responders were randomized to a 12-week prophylactic study arm (segment B) [4].
• Quantification of ciclopirox by high-performance liquid chromatography after pre-column derivatization. An example of efficient clean-up using silica-bonded cyano phases [26].

References