Disease relevance of Pregnancy Maintenance

• MTHFR, folate metabolism, and dietary folic acid are also considered in conjunction with preeclampsia and early pregnancy loss, and the effect of the interaction of glutathione S-transferase (GST) with exposure to benzene or cigarette smoke on pregnancy maintenance is explored [1].
• Therefore oral micronized progesterone appears suitable for hormonal replacement therapy in various areas, essentially postmenopause therapy, premenstrual syndrome, correction of irregular cycles and pregnancy maintenance [2].

High impact information on Pregnancy Maintenance

• Hence, our data shed light on a hierarchical network of immune integration at the feto-maternal interface, in which ICAM-1/LFA-1 cross talk is clearly a proximate mediator capable of disrupting successful pregnancy maintenance [3].
• Plasma levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide in women--a potential role in pregnancy maintenance and labor [4]?
• Like its human counterpart hCG-beta with which it shares 81% identity, macaque (m)CG-beta is a cystine knot-containing subunit that assembles with an alpha-subunit common to all glycoprotein hormone members of its species to form a biologically active heterodimer, mCG, which, like hCG, is required for pregnancy maintenance [5].
• In two in vivo rodent models of progestational activity, a pregnancy maintenance assay and a uterine wet weight assay, the two eutomers displayed potent progesterone-like effects [6].
• Thus, steroid-induced hypertrophied placentae in rats do not participate in a compensatory mechanism for steroid hormone production toward pregnancy maintenance [7].

Biological context of Pregnancy Maintenance

• Our data demonstrate that CPBP transcript is enriched in the trophoblastic tissue and strongly suggest that its encoded polypeptide regulates target genes involved in placental development and pregnancy maintenance [8].
• These results suggest that human placenta may not only produce 5-HT but also be a 5-HT target organ, and that 5-HT may not only play roles in placental development and pregnancy maintenance by paracrine and autocrine interactions but may also take part in regulating fetal development [9].
• Finally, the premier role of progesterone in pregnancy maintenance and parturition is juxtaposed with the proposed "fine-tuning", modulatory role of prostaglandins and the above listed factors in the regulation of parturition [10].
• As little is known about the role of HO in pregnancy maintenance, we evaluated the expression of decidual and placental HO-1 and HO-2 in the abortion-prone murine mating combination CBA/J x DBA/2 J with (1) CBA/J female control mice, (2) CBA/J mice exposed to stress during early gestation and (3) CBA/J females injected with recombinant IL-12 [11].

Anatomical context of Pregnancy Maintenance

• OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the roles of thyroid hormone in trophoblast function, early pregnancy maintenance, and fetal neurodevelopment [12].
• PROBLEM: We previously reported a diminished expression of the heme-degrading enzymes heme oxygenases (HO)-1 and HO-2 in decidua and placenta from mice undergoing Th1-mediated abortion, strongly indicating the protective effect of HO in murine pregnancy maintenance [13].

Associations of Pregnancy Maintenance with chemical compounds

• We conclude that RU486-provoked labor in sheep is associated with activation of fetal HPA function, and that this is attenuated during meloxicam treatment to a level considered compatible with pregnancy maintenance [14].
• Proceedings: Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate and oestradiol-17beta on pregnancy maintenance in ovariectomized rats [15].
• The relative binding affinity and biologic activity of 10 was compared with Nestorone, levonorgestrel, and progesterone using a binding assay for rat progesterone receptors, the Clauberg assay in the rabbit, and by assessing pregnancy maintenance in the rat [16].
• The addition of 4% dl-methionine to a diet of 18% or 12% casein reduced pregnancy maintenance in the rat from 100% to 48% and 5%, respectively [17].
• OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the role of estrogen in pregnancy maintenance in baboons by suppressing estrogen synthesis through administration of a highly specific nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, CGS 20267 [18].

Gene context of Pregnancy Maintenance

• Within the limitations of this study, we conclude that HLA-G expression is not a major immunological determinant of pregnancy maintenance among patients with idiopathic RPL [19].
• HLA-G is a non-classical MHC class I product whose fairly restricted expression at the maternal-fetal interface suggests a role in successful embryonic implantation and/or subsequent pregnancy maintenance [19].
• The ratio of Th1/Th2 responses is crucial for pregnancy maintenance [20].
• Relaxin may be an important luteal factor, together with progesterone, in early pregnancy maintenance [21].
• Because the action of prl in promotion of progesterone secretion is essential for the initiation of pregnancy in rats, this study was designed to examine the effect of exposure to ATR during early pregnancy on implantation and short-term pregnancy maintenance [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pregnancy Maintenance

• The changes in placental iNOS expression suggest a 'paracrine' role for NO in regulating uterine contractility, blood flow and immunosuppression required for pregnancy maintenance [23].

References