Disease relevance of Premenstrual Syndrome

• These include use in women with premature ovarian failure, premenopausal androgen deficiency symptoms, postmenopausal and glucocorticosteroid-related bone loss, alleviation of wasting syndrome secondary to human immunodeficiency virus infection, and management of premenstrual syndrome [1].
• Recent reports of altered TSH responsiveness to its releasing hormone (TRH) in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) suggested that subclinical hypothyroidism may be responsible for the mood changes, such as depression, that occur in these women [2].
• There is strong evidence that allopregnanolone and THDOC are involved in the pathophysiology of premenstrual syndrome, catamenial epilepsy, major depression, and stress-sensitive brain disorders [3].
• Peptidic agonists of the GnRH receptor have been known for many years and are currently employed therapeutically in the treatment of prostate and breast tumours, uterine fibroids, precocious puberty, endometriosis, premenstrual syndrome, contraception and infertility [4].
• Although substantial evidence has accumulated to indicate that excessive endometrial production of prostaglandin F2 alpha is the major underlying cause of painful menstruation, correspondingly little is currently known about the basic aetiology of the premenstrual syndrome [5].

Psychiatry related information on Premenstrual Syndrome

• In a crossover study conducted over a six-month period in eight patients with well-characterized premenstrual syndrome, physical and behavioral symptoms were relieved by daily administration of an agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone [6].
• Panic disorder and the menstrual cycle: panic disorder patients, healthy control subjects, and patients with premenstrual syndrome [7].
• METHOD: Data were drawn from 3 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, published treatment trials: alprazolam for patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and diazepam and lorazepam for patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) [8].
• We attempted to evaluate the biologic interconnection between premenstrual syndrome and psychiatric disorder by investigating the platelet enzyme, monoamine oxidase B. The activity of this enzyme has been noted to be decreased in affective disorder, alcoholism, and psychiatric vulnerability [9].
• Episodic depression, a prominent but poorly defined symptom of premenstrual syndrome, was quantitated in 24-hour cortisol secretory episodes (determined by sampling at 20-minute intervals) as biochemical markers, as well as the Beck Depression Inventory and Profile of Mood States as psychometric measures [10].

High impact information on Premenstrual Syndrome

• The 10 women with premenstrual syndrome who were given leuprolide plus estradiol or progesterone had a significant recurrence of symptoms, but no changes in mood occurred in 15 normal women who received the same regimen or in 5 women with premenstrual syndrome who were given placebo hormone during continued leuprolide administration [11].
• METHODS: We first studied the effect of ovarian suppression with leuprolide, an agonist analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, or placebo on symptoms in 20 women with the premenstrual syndrome [11].
• RESULTS: The 10 women with premenstrual syndrome who were given leuprolide had a significant decrease in symptoms as compared with base-line values and with values for the 10 women who were given placebo [11].
• Possible vasopressin role in premenstrual syndrome [12]?
• We also found greater hippocampal expression of receptors containing alpha(4) and delta subunits, using a rat model of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in which 1-3 mM alcohol preferentially enhanced GABA-gated currents, and low doses of alcohol attenuated anxiety and behavioral reactivity [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Premenstrual Syndrome

• Serotonin receptors, buspirone, and premenstrual syndrome [14].
• Treatment of severe premenstrual syndrome with oestradiol patches and cyclical oral norethisterone [15].
• Pyridoxine and the premenstrual syndrome [16].
• Clonidine for relief of premenstrual syndrome [17].
• Buspirone in treatment of premenstrual syndrome [18].

Biological context of Premenstrual Syndrome

• Luteal-phase estradiol relates to symptom severity in patients with premenstrual syndrome [19].
• Reduced platelet tritium-labeled imipramine binding sites in women with premenstrual syndrome [20].
• The platelet serotonin uptake kinetics was studied in 19 women with premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS) and 19 age-matched symptom-free controls during the pre- and postmenstrual phases [21].
• Lack of influence of menstrual cycle and premenstrual syndrome diagnosis on pregnanolone pharmacokinetics [22].
• Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in premenstrual syndrome: a preliminary study [23].

Anatomical context of Premenstrual Syndrome

• Inhibition of serotonin uptake in rat brain synaptosomes by plasma from patients with premenstrual syndrome [24].
• A woman with a long history of premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS) received verapamil for treatment of mitral valve prolapse [25].
• The effects of plasma and an aqueous plasma fraction from patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and control subjects on the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in washed human platelets and rat forebrain synaptosomes were studied [26].
• Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia, depression, anorexia nervosa-bulimia, and premenstrual syndrome [27].

Gene context of Premenstrual Syndrome

• Thyrotropin and prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in premenstrual syndrome [2].
• Insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 in women with premenstrual syndrome [28].
• Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) binding capacity was measured in 50 women with severe premenstrual syndrome and 50 age-matched controls [29].
• Selective modulators of gamma-aminobutyric acid, type A (GABA(A)) receptors containing alpha(4) subunits may provide new treatments for epilepsy and premenstrual syndrome [30].
• We conclude that NW and women with premenstrual syndrome and alleged PMHA have no menstrual cycle-related changes in glucose, insulin, or glucagon responses to an oral glucose load [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Premenstrual Syndrome

• Precursor loading can increase serotonin concentrations in the synaptic cleft, and tryptophan--which has been available in health food stores and drug stores--had become increasingly used for self-medication of depression, insomnia, and premenstrual syndrome [32].
• Ovariectomy with low-dose estrogen replacement is an effective alternative for the woman with debilitating premenstrual syndrome who does not respond to conventional interventions [33].
• In an attempt to obtain further information on the aetiology of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), the endocrine changes following enucleation of the corpus luteum in the mid-luteal phase of the cycle were studied in seven patients with PMS, and the results compared to details of seven control patients undergoing hysterectomy for menstrual problems [34].
• Thirty-six women suffering from premenstrual syndrome were treated with bromocriptine or norethisterone in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study [35].
• In the past year, randomized controlled clinical trials of treatments for clearly diagnosed premenstrual syndrome reported efficacy for serotonergic antidepressants and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist [36].

References