Disease relevance of Port-Wine Stain

• All 20 patients (100%) had varicose veins or VMs, 13 (65%) had port-wine stains, and 18 (90%) had limb hypertrophy [1].
• Basal cell carcinomas in port-wine stains treated with thorium X [2].
• Sturge-Weber syndrome is associated with leptomeningeal angioma, trigeminal port-wine stain, epilepsy, and glaucoma [3].
• A case with pulmonary atresia/ventricular septal defect associated with port-wine stain and retinal vascular abnormality is reported [4].
• In analogy to "port-wine stain" that is used as a synonym for nevus flammeus, nevus roseus could also be called "rosé-wine stain". This lateralized vascular birthmark should be distinguished from the salmon patch that always involves the midline of the body [5].

High impact information on Port-Wine Stain

• To investigate vessel coagulation depth and tissue damage in therapy with the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser (585 nm, 5 mm spot size, 450 microsecond pulse duration, 6-8 J/cm2), we used the nitroblue-tetrazolium chloride stain in 22 post-treatment biopsy specimens from patients with port wine stain [6].
• The present study compared the histologic changes occurring 15 min after copper vapor laser (CVL; operating at 578 nm) and argon laser (488/514 nm) treatment of port-wine stains (PWS) over a range of energy densities (8-32 J/cm2) with corresponding pulse widths of 50-200 ms [7].
• Potassium titanyl phosphate laser treatment of resistant port-wine stains [8].
• The Koebner phenomenon in vitiligo following treatment of a port-wine stain naevus by pulsed dye laser [9].
• Normal distribution of endothelin in port wine stain vasculature [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Port-Wine Stain

• Thirty-seven patients of mean age 52 with large dark nodular port wine stains were treated with argon and neodymium YAG lasers [11].
• Fading of a port-wine stain associated with sevoflurane anesthesia [12].
• In port-wine stains the laser-induced coagulation necrosis was first seen as an arc-shaped, sharply demarcated, unstained, nitroblue tetrazolium chloride-negative area [13].
• After application of the vasoconstrictor steroid tape changes in blood flow were significantly reduced in the port wine stains (P less than 0.05) and changes in haemoglobin content were also significantly reduced in the port wine stains compared with normal skin (P less than 0.05) [14].
• Latanoprost in port wine stain related paediatric glaucoma [15].

Biological context of Port-Wine Stain

• Pulmonary atresia/ventricular septal defect associated with facial port-wine stain and retinal vascular abnormality: a new constellation or deletion in chromosome 22q11.2 [16]?

Anatomical context of Port-Wine Stain

• Immunofluorescent staining with antibodies to factor VIII, fibronectin, and collagenous basement membrane protein in normal human skin and port wine stains [17].
• No difference was found in the expression of fibronectin in port-wine stain skin blood vessels [18].

Gene context of Port-Wine Stain

• Immunohistochemistry of port-wine stains and normal skin with endothelium-specific antibodies PAL-E, anti-ICAM-1, anti-ELAM-1, and anti-factor VIIIrAg [19].
• The Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare disorder characterized by a triad of port-wine stains, varicose veins, and bony or soft tissue hypertrophy of one extremity [20].
• Lightly pigmented, hairless hr/hr C3H/Tif mice, hairless, albino hr/hr MORO/Ibm mice, human, healthy volunteers, and children with port-wine stains were included in the studies [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Port-Wine Stain

• Iontophoresis of lidocaine for anesthesia during pulsed dye laser treatment of port-wine stains [22].
• Minimal argon laser methods, yellow-dye lasers, and treatment with hematoporphyrin derivative photodynamic therapy extend the abilities of the laser surgeon to treat port-wine stains and other vascular lesions safely [23].

References