Disease relevance of Nevus

• Specificity of cellular fluorescence for nevus and melanoma cells was shown on serial sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and was inferred for melanocytes from their distribution in human skin and their presence when the normal but not vitiliginous skin of both patients was used as substrate [1].
• Malignant melanoma developed in an apparently benign nevus four months after therapy with levodopa in a patient with Parkinson's disease [2].
• In halo nevi, however, beta 2M were detected on nevus cells in the lesions associated with inflammatory infiltration [3].
• Immunoreactivity of benign skin tumors gave similar distribution to their normal counterparts; trichilemmal cyst, nevus sebaceus, senile sebaceous hyperplasia, and mixed cell tumor were positive for immunostaining, whereas epidermal cyst and pilomatricoma were not [4].
• RESULTS: Three patients had the triad of posterior osseous/cartilaginous ocular choristomas, anterior epibulbar choristomas, and nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn and one patient had anterior epibulbar choristomas and posterior osseous/cartilaginous ocular choristomas [5].

Psychiatry related information on Nevus

• We report on a boy with ring chromosome 7 who had severe mental retardation, growth failure, microcephaly, cleft lip and palate, café-au-lait spots, nevus flammeus, and genital abnormalities, and died of pneumonia at age 20 months [6].

High impact information on Nevus

• Keratin 13 point mutation underlies the hereditary mucosal epithelial disorder white sponge nevus [7].
• A mutation in the mucosal keratin K4 is associated with oral white sponge nevus [8].
• White sponge nevus (WSN) is a benign autosomal dominant disorder which affects non-cornifying stratified squamous epithelia (MIM 193900) (ref. 1). Phenotypically it presents as white 'spongy' plaques (oral leukokeratoses), most commonly in the mouth but also reported in the esophagus and anogenital mucosa [8].
• Correction: Hereditary cutaneous malignant melanoma-dysplastic nevus [9].
• Inheritance of nevus number and size in melanoma and dysplastic nevus syndrome kindreds [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Nevus

• The Xpa(-/-) mice proved exquisitely sensitive to UV-driven nevus induction, indicating the involvement of pyrimidine dimer DNA lesions, but Xpa(+/+) mice developed many more nevi (>40 per mouse) at high UV dosages not tolerated by Xpa(-/-) mice [11].
• Immunoelectron microscopic studies demonstrated that ISF within nevus cells represented the only cytoplasmic C3-binding structures [12].
• Finally, melanocytes from adults and children expressed similar levels of the same integrins as all nevus cells but showed differences in function of both alpha3 and alpha6 integrin subunits and in migratory/adhesive behaviors, which may suggest different states of melanocyte maturation [13].
• A glutamine insertion in the 1A alpha helical domain of the keratin 4 gene in a familial case of white sponge nevus [14].
• The role of androgen receptors in the clinical course of nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn [15].

Biological context of Nevus

• One nevus (5%) and 4 (33%) of 12 melanomas also showed loss of heterozygosity at HUMARA [16].
• Neurons and some epithelioid melanocytes, in contrast to type C nevus cells and Schwann cells of NF and SCH, express peripherin, providing further evidence for a transition from a more neuronal to a more schwannian phenotype during the normal maturation sequence of melanocytes in nevi [17].
• Interestingly, bFGF was present both in malignant melanoma lesions and benign nevi accompanied by different intracellular localisation of the protein, suggesting its implication in regulation of nevus cell proliferation and maturation [18].
• The possibility that the cell surface receptor mediated the stimulatory effect of NGF and may antagonize the chromatin receptor-mediated inhibitory effect of NGF of melanocyte and nevus cell growth is discussed [19].

Anatomical context of Nevus

• We show here that normal melanocytes and nevus cells in culture express Mel-CAM/MUC18, but expression is down-regulated when cells are co-cultured with keratinocytes [20].
• The results suggest that FGF-2 expression by nevus cells allows them to adapt to grow in the dermis [21].
• Two of these 5 SLNs with capsular nevus also contain MART1- and MelanA-positive cells within the lymph node parenchyma [22].
• MMP9 was never expressed in congenital dermal nevus cells but pro-MMP2 was constitutively expressed by all strains of congenital nevus cells and dermal fibroblasts [23].
• In addition to craniosynostosis and radial limb defect, which are constant in this syndrome, our patient presents two unusual features: the first is an epidermal nevus and the second is an agenesis of the middle portion of corpus callosum [24].

Gene context of Nevus

• The relationships between MC1R gene variants and red hair, skin reflectance, degree of freckling and nevus count were investigated in 2331 adolescent twins, their sibs and parents in 645 twin families [25].
• Thirty-four of 101 primary and metastatic melanoma cases and 2 of 24 common nevocellular and atypical nevus cases showed SSX nuclear staining [26].
• To directly test the role of activated BRAF in nevus and melanoma development, we have generated transgenic zebrafish expressing the most common BRAF mutant form (V600E) under the control of the melanocyte mitfa promoter [27].
• A novel mutation in the keratin 13 gene causing oral white sponge nevus [28].
• Nevus cells display a reduced need for TPA and are largely independent of bFGF [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nevus

• Photodynamic therapy for nevus sebaceus with topical delta-aminolevulinic acid [30].
• In a patient with systematized verrucous epidermal nevus, marked improvement was obtained with oral administration of a new aromatic retinoid (Ro 10-9359) [31].
• A case of a choroidal melanoma (verified by histopathological examination) and a nevus in the same eye is documented by fluorescein and indocyanine green choroidal angiography performed by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy [32].
• Furthermore, immunohistochemistry shows that CRH as well as POMC is strongly expressed in advanced melanomas, such as vertically growing lesions of acral lentiginous, nodular and metastatic melanomas, in contrast to negative expression in nevus cells [33].

References