Disease relevance of Normal Distribution

• Mice deficient in IRF4 showed normal distribution of B and T lymphocyes at 4 to 5 weeks of age but developed progressive generalized lymphadenopathy [1].
• Wilson's disease protein (WNDP) is a copper-transporting ATPase essential for normal distribution of copper in human cells [2].
• Blockade of chemokine receptor-mediated signaling by pertussis toxin perturbed the normal distribution of SP cells and resulted in the accumulation of SP cells in the cortex [3].
• For C10, the N-S two-site jump model or Gaussian distribution of the torsion angle model could explain the observed J values, and 68% S-type conformation or C1'-exo conformation with 27 degrees distribution was obtained, respectively [4].
• In comparison, in four patients with well-differentiated GEP tumours showing low proliferative activity, SS-R localized four primary tumours, 22 lymph node metastases and 18 malignant liver lesions, whereas 18F-FDG PET demonstrated normal distribution [5].

Psychiatry related information on Normal Distribution

• Sleep deprivation and recovery induce, in the hypothalamic preoptic region of the rat, opposite changes in cyclic AMP concentration which, when plotted in the standard form of the normal distribution, define two significantly divergent distributions [6].

High impact information on Normal Distribution

• In biopsy specimens obtained during the first three months of follow-up, 38 allografts had a normal distribution of t-PA in arteriolar smooth-muscle cells, whereas in 40 allografts there was depletion of t-PA that persisted in subsequent follow-up [7].
• The osmium isotopic data form a wide, essentially gaussian distribution, demonstrating that, with respect to Re-Os isotope systematics, the upper mantle is extremely heterogeneous [8].
• Furthermore, the src- mutation can restore the normal distribution of cortactin and partly correct filamentous actin organization in csk-cells [9].
• The aim of this study was to investigate the role of beta-catenin, a key component of the Wnt pathway, in liver development as well as its normal distribution in developing liver [10].
• The plasma glucose achieved at 1 h was normally distributed in normal control subjects, but 31 (20%) of relatives of type-2 diabetics had values above the normal distribution mean +2 SD [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Normal Distribution

• If lactate levels are higher than the normal distribution, additional sources of lactate production such as cerebral hypoxia must be assumed [12].
• With this model, by comparing normal distributions, it is possible to distinguish axonal atrophy, degenerative loss, and hypertrophy as distinct pathological processes in the large calibre axon subgroup that are selectively vulnerable to metallic toxins such as mercury [13].
• In addition, the normal distribution of tissue PO2 in the various layers of the intestinal tissue was measured at rest and during glucose exposure to determine if part of the absorptive hyperemia mechanism is related to a decrease in tissue PO2 [14].
• Log normal distribution of the incubation period of liver angiosarcoma in vinyl chloride polymerization workers [15].
• In the presence of sex steroid hormones, a normal distribution of body fat exists, but with a decrease in sex steroid hormones, as occurs with ageing or gonadectomy, there is a tendency to increase central obesity, a major risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and certain cancers [16].

Biological context of Normal Distribution

• Finally, we show that Rad54, but not Rad54B, is needed for a normal distribution of Rad51 on meiotic chromosomes [17].
• Lhx2-/- embryos have, however, a normal distribution of Mash1-positive and neurogenin 1-positive neuronal progenitors that leave the cell cycle, acquire pan-neuronal traits and form axon bundles [18].
• Western blotting revealed normal distribution of GLUT-4 before and after insulin stimulation in control and PTH-treated cells, suggesting that phosphorylation of GLUT-4 does not interfere with its recruitment to the plasma membrane [19].
• The width of the Gaussian distribution of cell volumes remained invariant during cell shrinkage, indicating a homogeneous C1- conductance among the cells [20].
• Transfection of a wild-type actin-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression vector into 7404-CP20 cells resulted in a nonfilamentous actin-EGFP distribution compared with a normal distribution in the cisplatin-sensitive BEL-7404 cells, suggesting that cytoskeletal organization is disturbed in the CP-r cells [21].

Anatomical context of Normal Distribution

• A normal distribution of erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic colonies was obtained from CFU-S assayed 1 week after injection of leukemic spleen cells, but from CFU-S assayed 2 or 3 weeks after injection of leukemic spleen cells, the colonies formed were comprised almost exclusively of myeloid cells [22].
• The dynamin-like protein DLP1 is essential for normal distribution and morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in mammalian cells [23].
• In this investigation we detected many proteins in RPE cells that could potentially participate in melanosome transport, but of those tested, only myosin VIIa and Rab27a were found to be required for normal distribution [24].
• Overexpression of the entire RH-II/Gu protein or specific domains of the protein in HeLa cells did not interfere with the normal distribution of fibrillarin [25].
• This coincided with their accumulation and the loss of their normal distribution within the extracellular matrix, resulting in a defective mineralization of dentin and enamel matrices [26].

Associations of Normal Distribution with chemical compounds

• Fixation with 2% paraformaldehyde/0.2% glutaraldehyde was found necessary to preserve normal distribution of the protein [27].
• Sodium azide had little effect on the normal distribution of actin, tubulin, and alpha-actinin; however, myosin staining revealed prominent patch formation [28].
• Whole-cell NMDA channel noise power spectra yielded a single normal distribution of long channel lifetimes (mean, 4.3 msec) in control neurons, and the sum of two normal distributions (means, 4.6 and 7.1 msec) in kindled cells [29].
• The control women showed a normal distribution of testosterone excretion, up to 12 micrograms daily; the postmastectomy patients showed a bimodal distribution, with 14 patients (17.5%) having values above 12 micrograms (up to 39 micrograms) daily [30].
• In situ hybridisation analysis demonstrates a normal distribution of sonic hedgehog mRNA in chlorate-treated embryos [31].

Gene context of Normal Distribution

• Copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B is essential for normal distribution of copper in human cells [32].
• Finally, we find that Arl3p is required in vivo for the targeting of Arl1p, explaining its requirement for the normal distribution of Imh1p [33].
• HPS1p-deficient cells derived from patients with HPS type 1 displayed normal distribution and trafficking of the lysosomal membrane proteins, CD63 and Lamp-1 [34].
• Similar to the action of a mutant SKD1 protein, overexpression of a fusion derivative of human CHMP1 dilates endosomal compartments and disrupts the normal distribution of several endosomal markers [35].
• The JSAP1 null mutation impaired the normal distribution of the Ca+2 regulating protein, calretinin, but not the synaptic vesicle marker, SNAP-25, along the axons of the thalamocortical tract [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Normal Distribution

• The distribution of IR was log Gaussian in PCOS and Gaussian distribution in the control group [37].
• Quality control data from routine radial immunodiffusion assays for IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4 and alpha1-antitrypsin were tested by the Kolmogorov--Smirnov procedure for gaussian distribution [38].
• Antibodies to the 28-kDa peptides and the FN antibody colocalized in a segmental pattern in heterozygous Alport GBM by indirect immunofluorescence and were unrelated to the normal distribution of type IV collagen [39].
• Light microscopic examination of the light-deprived mouse retinas showed no apparent abnormalities in morphological development and immunocytochemistry demonstrated normal distribution and levels of IRBP protein [40].
• The normal distribution of adenosine deaminase complexing protein (ADCP) in the human body was investigated quantitatively by ADCP-specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) and qualitatively by immunohistochemistry [41].

References