High impact information on Gardenia

• Crocin dyes are extracted from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides and consist of carotenoids and geniposides as active principles [1].
• Crocetin, a carotenoid isolated from the seeds of Gardenia jasminoides, was found to be a potent inhibitor of tumor promotion induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in mouse skin [2].
• Crocetin is a natural carotenoid compound isolated from Gardenia jasminoids Ellis [3].
• High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was applied to the isolation and purification of geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis [4].
• Geniposide, an iridoid glycoside isolated from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, has biological capabilities of detoxication, antioxidation, and anticarcinogenesis [5].

Biological context of Gardenia

• The concentration of geniposide in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine preparations, Huang-Lian-Jiee-Dwu-Tang (66.27 +/- 1.98 mg/g) and In-Chern-Hau-Tang (68.54 +/- 2.62 mg/g) was less than in the herb Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (73.44 +/- 2.62 mg/g) itself [6].
• Penta-acetyl geniposide, (Ac)(5)-GP, was produced by acetylation of a glycoside, isolated from an extract of Gardenia fructus [7].
• (R)-Linalyl 6-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside and bornyl 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside were isolated as aroma precursors of linalool and borneol from flower buds of Gardenia jasminoides, guided by enzymatic hydrolysis followed by GC and GC-MS analyses [8].
• Geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides attenuates neuronal cell death in oxygen and glucose deprivation-exposed rat hippocampal slice culture [9].

Anatomical context of Gardenia

• Bioassay-guided fractionation of Gardeniae Fructus extract (GFE), which stimulates the proliferation of cultured endothelial cells, led to the isolation of glycerol and D-mannitol [10].
• The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of extracts of Coptidis rhizoma, Phellodendri cortex and Gardeniae fructus, which are medicinal herbs in Orengedoku-to (Huanglin-Jie-Du-Tang in Chinese), and crocetin (a major component of Gardeniae fructus) on experimental elevation of aqueous flare in pigmented rabbits [11].
• The ethanol extract of gardenia fruit (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis), a Chinese herbal medicine, and its successive hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions were evaluated for their antiangiogenic activities using a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay [12].

Associations of Gardenia with chemical compounds

• Antiinflammatory effects of genipin, an active principle of gardenia [13].
• An aqueous two-phase extraction process combined with a simple ethanol treatment, for removing excess inorganic salt, has been developed for preparation of geniposide from gardenia [14].
• The mechanism of purgative action of geniposide, an iridoid glucoside of the fruit of Gardenia, in mice [15].
• Four new terpenoids, gardenate A (1), 2-hydroxyethyl gardenamide A (2), (1R,7R,8S,10R)-7,8,11-trihydroxyguai-4-en-3-one 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and Jasminoside F (4), were isolated from Gardeniae Fructus [16].
• Linalyl and bornyl disaccharide glycosides from Gardenia jasminoides flowers [8].

Gene context of Gardenia

• Modulation of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases, glutathione and glutathione S-transferase in rat liver by geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides [17].
• 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitors isolated from gardeniae fructus [18].
• Antioxidant properties of crocin from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and study of the reactions of crocin with linoleic acid and crocin with oxygen [19].
• Gardeniae fructus (GF) water extract inhibited pancreatic lipase activity [20].
• Fructus Gardeniae extract increased the activity of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, which would result in an increase in availability of UDP-glucuronic acid intracellularly, BSP clearance study showed an unexpected impairment of hepatic uptake of the dye after extract treatment [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gardenia

• Genipin and its related iridoid compounds, extracted from gardenia fruits, have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatments of jaundice and various inflammatory and hepatic diseases [22].
• Geniposide is one of the constituents of Gardenia fruit (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Rubiaceae), which has been used in traditional medicine [23].
• Oral administration of Gardeniae Fructus-extract or its common constituent, geniposide increased the SI time in a dose-dependent manner [24].

References